薄板冲压成形时表面质量状态的分析

以薄板冲压为例,在冲压成形缩条情况下,根据希尔理论利用有限元法分析成形件的表面状态,得出了计算有的条件和方法,为薄板在冲压成形时产生表面不规则变形的分析提供了理论依据。     

河北片麻岩山区坡地产流特征

采用人工模拟降雨的方法研究了河北省片麻岩山区坡地的产流特征,结果表明：在人工降雨条件下,水分蒸散量与气温有关,蒸散率为５％～１８％;土壤入渗速率与土地利用状况关系紧密,土壤入渗率油松〉刺槐〉荆条灌木林〉荒坡草地,隔坡沟状梯田〉鱼鳞坑〉荒坡草地;坡面工程措施和造林可减小径流系数,能有效地拉蓄地表径流。     

植物生长调节剂对不同马铃薯品种茎尖分生组织离体培养的影响

通过观测４个马铃薯品种剥离茎尖在１３种培养基上的生长发育,比较不同浓度的ＧＡ３、ＮＡＡ、６－ＢＡ、２,４－Ｄ及其组合对茎尖成活和成苗的诱导作用,表明以０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ分别添加上述４种生长调节剂最适于马铃薯３３ｄ前的茎尖成活;ＧＡ３对茎尖成活和成苗存在促进作用。     

鲍蒸煮液复合调味品制作配方和工艺研究

为了提高鮑资源的利用率,开发新型香精,以鲍蒸煮液美拉德反应产物为基料,感官评定为指标,在单因素及L_9(3~4)正交试验基础上,确立了口感和海鲜风味俱佳的鲍复合调味品最佳配方为:盐添加量35%、味精添加量40%、玉米淀粉添加量9%、鲍风味基料添加量为6%、白砂糖添加量4%、麦芽糊精添加量3%、呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)添加量1.5%、酵母抽提物添加量1.5%。研究了不同的造粒方式和干燥方法对颗粒产品吸湿性、溶解性、流动性、质构特性及感官评定的影响;相关理化、性能指标为:完全溶解于90~100℃热水中的时间需要72 s,且分散良好、溶液微浑浊、无沉淀,鲜味足;堆密度为(0.61±0.01)g/cm~3,硬度为(3 642±122.198)g,吸湿性为(9.35±0.01)%,临界湿度值为60%,休止角为33.0°,总体可接受度为(7.81±0.12)分。研究结果表明,旋转造粒和流化床干燥的产品质量最佳,吸湿性比较小,溶解性、流动性和质地性都比较好,感官评分最高。     

板材三维曲面的无模多点闭环成形技术

基于具有并行调形功能的多点快速曲面造型系统和自主开发的激光扫描测量机,提出了三维板类件多点闭环精确造型的概念,并应用PID控制算法进行了多点闭环成形实验,得到了符合设计要求的工件形状。讨论了三维板类件多点成形逆向工程的实现问题。     

高密度捆草机推广应用研究

目前,农业纤维物料成型技术在开发推广应用上不普及,高密度捆草机械系统生产上应用的不多。为此,从技术、市场上进行了全面分析研究,并在此基础上提出了几点建议,旨在使该生产技术在畜牧业发展当中发挥积极作用,以确保畜牧业得到可持续发展,草原生态得到进一步恢复。     

基于车辆坐标系的闭环系统驾驶员模型研究

建立了基于旋转坐标系和车辆坐标系的单点预瞄横向偏差驾驶员模型,圆形路径的仿真计算结果表明,这两种驾驶员模型都能很好地跟踪目标路径,但对车辆的操纵行为却有明显的差异。基于车辆坐标系的驾驶员模型对车辆的控制接近于驾驶员的实际操纵行为,用这类驾驶员模型来进行汽车操纵稳定性的仿真评价才是合适的。     

Administration of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis induces growth,immune and antioxidant enzyme activities,gut microbiota assembly and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Litopenaeus vannamei

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 11946 (BL) on the growth, immune and antioxidant activities, intestinal morphology and microbiota, and susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) in juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (LV). Juvenile LV (initial weight = 0.63 ± 0.001) were fed diets containing varying BL concentrations (0 (BL0), 10⁶ (BL1), 10⁷ (BL2) and 10⁸ (BL3) CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks. Growth performance, immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, and intestinal morphology significantly improved in the probiotic‐treated groups than the untreated. Regardless of the treatment group, the two dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the two dominant genera were Ruegeria and Vibrio. Increasing inclusion of probiotics in diets led to significant increase in beneficial bacterial genera (Ruegeria, and Pseudoalteromonas) and a significant decrease in some known opportunistic pathogens (Vibrio, Tenacibaculum, Photobacterium, Kangiella and Spongiimonas) with the BL3 group witnessing the best. A 7‐day challenge study with VP_AHPND showed significantly high protection in the probiotic‐treated groups, with the BL3, BL2 and BL1 obtaining 51%, 34% and 22% relative percentage survival, respectively. In conclusion, BL at 10⁸ CFU/g feed should be used to help in shrimp production since it attained the most significant improvement.     

A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes

Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.     

生物质固体成型燃料加工生产线及配套设备

针对目前中国生物质原料复杂多样,以及生物质固体成型燃料加工过程中存在系统配合协调能力差、原料适应能力差、生产率低等问题。该文采用模辊式成型原理,研发设计了有强制喂料系统的成型机以及配套设备,采用二次粉碎工艺以及连续喂料与调制喂料相结合的混配工艺,提出了能够适应多种生物质原料特性的固体成型燃料生产工艺路线,建立了生物质固体成型燃料生产线。试验检测结果表明,采用生物质固体成型燃料生产线的每小时生产率比单机状态下提高了17.3%,经济效益提高13.3%,成型率达到98%,堆积密度和颗粒密度也明显高于单机,达到了设计要求。实现了规模化、连续稳定生产,有利于中国生物质固体成型燃料产业化的发展。