Tephrosia species and provenances for improved fallows in southern Africa

Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release, and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period, there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg⁻¹) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg⁻¹) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under a range of farm conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

微波低温催化热解木屑制取可燃气研究

以可燃性气体为目的产物,在450~600℃低温条件下对木屑进行微波催化热解。考察了热解温度、催化剂种类以及催化剂用量对微波热解可燃气产量和热值的影响,并分析热解过程中各气体组分的变化趋势。结果表明:催化剂的加入可有效提高气体产率,不同催化剂对气体产率的影响顺序为:K2CO3Na OHNa2CO3Mg OCa ONa H2PO4Na2HPO4。在热解温度550℃、K2CO3用量(以木屑质量计)20%的条件下得到高产量的中热值可燃性气体,气体产率为62.65%,低位热值14.05 MJ/m3;且K2CO3作为催化剂时可得到较高的H/C的气体。     

麦秸半焦低温催化气化实验研究

以麦秸半焦为研究对象,比较麦秸半焦和酸洗麦秸半焦700℃下水蒸气气化实验,研究了麦秸灰分中碱金属含量、催化剂种类(K基、Ca基和Fe基)对气化过程的影响。实验结果表明,麦秸灰分中较高含量的碱金属K能够有效促进半焦气化的进行,使得在非催化条件下半焦的碳转化率达到63.4%,相比酸洗麦秸半焦提高了2.6倍。低温下碱金属K基催化剂对半焦气化的促进作用显著,在700℃和K/Al催化剂条件下H2产率和碳转化率分别达到118.60 mol/kg和98.5%,相较于Ca/Al、Fe/Al催化剂而言,H2产率分别提高了10.7%和20.5%,碳转化率提高了12.4%和31.0%;而Ca/Al及Fe/Al催化剂有利于水气变换反应的进行,可提高气化产物中H2体积分数,降低CO体积分数。综合考虑碳转化率、气体产率及气体组分含量等因素,在催化效果较好的K基催化剂中添加适量的Ca基催化剂有利于调节产气成分,从而进一步提纯获得富氢气体。     

Carbon stock and rate of carbon sequestration in Dipterocarpus forests of Manipur,Northeast India

We examined the carbon stock and rate of carbon sequestration in a tropical deciduous forest dominated by Dipterocarpus tuberculatus in Manipur,North East India.Estimation of aboveground biomass was determined by harvest method and multiplied with density of tree species.The aboveground biomass was between18.27–21.922 t ha-1and the carbon stock ranged from9.13 to 10.96 t C ha-1across forest stands.Aboveground biomass and carbon stock increased with the increase in tree girth.The rate of carbon sequestration varied from1.4722 to 4.64136 t ha-1year-1among the dominant tree species in forest stands in tropical deciduous forest area.The rate of carbon sequestration depends on species composition,the density of large trees in different girth classes,and anthropogenic disturbances in the present forest ecosystem.Further work is required to identify tree species having the highest potential to sequester CO2 from the atmosphere,which could lead to recommendations for tree plantations in a degraded ecosystem.     

生物基高吸水性树脂及其在农林生产中的应用

为提高高吸水树脂在农林方面的应用水平,通过查阅大量的文献资料,总结概括了生物基高吸水树脂按原料来源的分类(如淀粉类、纤维素类、海藻酸类、甲壳素&壳聚糖类、其他类等),以及国内外生物基高吸水树脂在农业园林等领域的应用研究进展,并结合当前高吸水树脂相关研究与应用中存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。     

华北地区旱田绿肥品种筛选试验

本文研究了不同绿肥在华北地区的越冬性及生长情况。结果表明:不同绿肥越冬性有显著差异,冬油菜越冬成活率最高,紫花苜蓿次之,剩余3种冬绿肥(二月兰、毛苕子、草木樨)较低;植被覆盖有助于减少土壤水土流失,冬油菜对土地的覆盖能力最强,紫花苜蓿和二月兰次之,毛苕子和草木樨最差;生物量调查结果表明,冬油菜的地上部生物量最大,紫花苜蓿和二月兰次之,毛苕子和草木樨最低。研究结果为绿肥在华北地区旱田的应用提供了参考。     

高,宝,邵伯湖浮游植物资源调查报告

本文报道了高，宝，邵伯湖游植物资源调查结果。     

河蟹开口饵料———单胞藻的定向培育试验

试验在沿海混盐水池塘中施入不同品种和不同比例的肥料(有机肥和无机肥)，研究施肥对浮游植物种群增长的影响，并分析了在混盐水池塘中影响施肥效果的几种可能因素。试验结果表明：在混盐水中施肥可以达到定向培育浮游植物的目的，浮游植物的生物量在施肥后4～5d进入指数增长期，7～8d达到高峰期。单施氮肥和施氮磷混合肥对生物量并没有太大影响，最高生物量可达280mg／L以上，同时种类趋于单一化，完全可以满足河蟹育苗生产中河蟹幼体对开口饵料的需要。     

Use of ongrownArtemia in nursery culturing of the tiger shrimp

Juvenile and adultArtemia produced in a semi flow-through culture system were used as food for postlarval shrimp. The growth performance of shrimp reared on such ongrownArtemia live prey is identical to the growth obtained when feeding newly hatchedArtemia. However, a significantly better stress resistance is obtained when the postlarvae are exposed to a low salinity in a stress test. Besides nutritional and energetic advantages, the use ofArtemia biomass for feeding postlarval shrimp also results in improved economics as expenses for cysts and weaning diets can be reduced.     

黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。