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51.
E.A. Pinkard C. Mohammed C.L. Beadle M.F. Hall D. Worledge A. Mollon 《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,200(1-3):263-277
Detailed studies have been undertaken to define pruning regimes for Eucalyptus nitens, but little is known of E. globulus responses to pruning although this is a more commonly planted species. This paper describes experiments that aimed to identify (a) levels of pruning that reduce E. globulus growth, (b) physiological processes contributing to those growth responses, (c) the incidence of decay and factors influencing decay incidence following pruning of E. globulus, and (d) comparative responses of E. nitens and E. globulus to live branch pruning. Results of a field experiment indicated that removal of between 30 and 50% of the crown length was appropriate for E. globulus plantations verging on canopy closure. The significant reduction in height growth associated with removal of 50 or 70% of crown length suggested pruning should remain below 50% of crown length if reduced stem growth of pruned trees was to be avoided. Stem volume was only significantly reduced over the period of the experiment by 70% pruning, but it was estimated that standing volume following removal of 50% of crown length would be reduced by 82 m3 ha−1 over a 20-year rotation if there were no other silvicultural interventions. The growth responses observed were probably related to large reductions in leaf area following 50 or 70% removal of crown length. Trees responded to pruning by changing patterns of biomass partitioning to favour stem growth at the expense of branch growth. A glasshouse study determined that light-saturated net CO2 uptake (Amax) increased following pruning. E. nitens seedlings had both a higher baseline Amax and higher Amax following pruning than did E. globulus, which could partially explain the greater effect of pruning on E. globulus growth than has been observed for E. nitens in other studies. This result, as well as apparently different patterns of foliage distribution through the crowns of E. globulus and E. nitens, suggested that models of pruning responses need to be parameterised for both species. In addition, a more conservative pruning regime may be appropriate for E. globulus than E. nitens. Pruning increased the frequency of branch traces with decay infection, and there was a trend towards increasing decay outbreaks with increasing pruning severity. Decay outbreaks were more likely to occur following pruning of high angle or larger diameter branches. 相似文献
52.
Carly Green Brian Tobin Michael O’Shea Edward P. Farrell Kenneth A. Byrne 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(2):179-188
Reporting carbon (C) stocks in tree biomass (above- and belowground) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) should be transparent and verifiable. The development of nationally specific data is considered ‘good practice’
to assist in meeting these reporting requirements. From this study, biomass functions were developed for estimating above-
and belowground C stock in a 19-year-old stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr.). Our estimates were then tested against current default values used for reporting in Ireland and literature
equations. Ten trees were destructively sampled to develop aboveground and tree component biomass equations. The roots were
excavated and a root:shoot (R) ratio developed to estimate belowground biomass. Application of the total aboveground biomass function yielded a C stock
estimate for the stand of 74 tonnes C ha−1, with an uncertainty of 7%. The R ratio was determined to be 0.23, with an uncertainty of 10%. The C stock estimate of the belowground biomass component was
then calculated to be 17 tonnes C ha−1, with an uncertainty of 12%. The equivalent C stock estimate from the biomass expansion factor (BEF) method, applying Ireland’s
currently reported default values for BEF (inclusive of belowground biomass), wood density and C concentration and methods
for estimating volume, was found to be 60 tonnes C ha−1, with an uncertainty of 26%. We found that volume tables, currently used for determining merchantable timber volume in Irish
forestry conditions, underestimated volume since they did not extend to the yield of the forest under investigation. Mean
stock values for belowground biomass compared well with that generated using published models. 相似文献
53.
54.
在广西忻城县喀斯特石山区对三种不同植被恢复模式 (任豆间种竹子模式、金银花模式、竹子模式 )地上部分生物量进行测定 .结果表明 :① 3种不同植被恢复模式的净生物量 ,显示出金银花(1 19t·hm-2 ·a-1) >竹子 (1 0 4t·hm-2 ·a-1) >任豆间种竹子 (1 0 1t·hm-2 ·a-1) ;②各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养 (N ,P ,K)含量 ,显示出任豆间种竹子 (75 0 9kg·hm-2 ) >竹子 (33 4 0kg·hm-2 ) >金银花(2 2 95kg·hm-2 ) ;③各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养含量的分配 ,均显示出N >K >P的规律。 相似文献
55.
苦竹种群生物量结构研究 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17
从群落水平上研究了余杭苦竹种群的生物量结构.结果表明:(1)余杭苦竹种群的现存生物量为10 282.1 2 g·m,其中地上部分为6 113.67 g·m-2,占59.46%,地下部分为4 168.45 g·m,占40.54%.各组分别为:秆4 086.44 g·m-2,枝1 017.82 g·m,叶1009.41 g·m-2,鞭3 587.42 g·m,篼581.03 g·m-2;(2)苦竹种群中各个体生物量在1~4龄级的分配依次是:4.33%、25.60%、53.81%和16.26%;(3)苦竹种群中各构件单位生物量在不同年龄分株上的分配亦有差异,地上部分含量逐渐上升,而地下部分含量逐渐下降;(4)秆、枝、叶的平均含水率分别为46.97%、49.75%、59.42%,以秆最少,叶最多. 相似文献
56.
SuccessionisthedynanucdeveloPInentofecosystemswhichcanbecharactetindbyenergyandndneralcyclings.Eachsuccessionstagehasitscharaceristicsofelementcycling.SomeschOlarshaveStatedbutbrieflawsofnutrienCyclinginsuccessionstagesI"3I.InthespaPer,thenutrientcyclingcharacterishcsofbirchsuccessionseriesinXiaokinganlingwerediscussed.SwrYAasAroarernoDSThestUdyareaislocatedinLiangshniNatUralReservesinthendddieofXiaox-ing'anlilg(l28"53,2o'rE,47olo'5O"N).Theclimat6belongstocontinentalmonsoonclimate,W… 相似文献
57.
秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:22
秦岭脱齿栎林、油松林和华山林(包括0-60cm土层)营养元素总贮量达29.2500-390.1739t.hm^-2,其大小为锐齿栎林>华山松>油松林,土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的93.10%-99.39%,植被层和凋落物层仅占0.57%-3.00%和0.10%-1.99%;3林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为120.483t.hm^-2,129.384m^3.hm^-2和1226.9kg.hm^-2,锐齿栎林>油松林>华山松林。3林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为1.553t.hm^-2和53.1kg.hm^-2,锐齿栎林最大,华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积量平均值分别为17.475t.hm^-2和502.5kg.hm^-2,3林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为33.4、147.2和264.3,195.6、66.9和84.1,138.8、80.4和180.2kg.hm^-2和0.585、0454和0.318,3林分各营养元素的年吸收量,归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异,锐齿栎林干和皮中Ca和Mg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的,锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失,特别是Ca和Mg,会破坏土壤原有离子动态平衡,引起林地土壤理化性质改变,林地生产潜力逐渐下降。 相似文献
58.
SiteandmethodThesiteislocatedintheSuiIingDistrictofHeiIong-jiangProvincefromN47"26'toN48"o6',E127"37'toE128"28'.TheaveragesIopeis15".Themeanelevationis349m.ThemeanannuaItem-peratureis-o.4t.TheaccumuIatedtemperatureof31ooCis1986C-Theamountofprecipitationisfrom6ooto8oomm.Thefrost-freeseasonisabout13od.ThemainsoilisdarkbrownsoiI.The17plots(o.o4hm')fordifferentages,differ-entsitesweremeasured.OnesampletreewasseIectedineverypIot,ThefalIenstemanalysistreesweredividedwithonemeterortwometer… 相似文献
59.
60.
Vegetation dynamics in previously burnt shrublands dominated by gorse (Ulex gallii) in north-west Spain were studied during 4 years under different grazing managements with sheep (Gallega breed) and goats
(Cashmere or local breed). Initially (Period 1), treatments consisted of sheep or goat grazing on four plots (two replicates).
After two grazing seasons, the plots were split in two and the treatments were reversed in four of the subplots; sheep were
placed in subplots previously grazed by goats and vice versa (Period 2). The results from Period 1 showed that goats control
the regrowth of gorse (from 19.6 to 14.2% of cover) more effectively than sheep (17.8 to 27.0% cover; P < 0.05), favouring the increase in herbaceous plants (from 21.5 to 42.1% of cover under goat grazing and from 22.1 to 26.6%
under sheep grazing; P < 0.01). In Period 2, after changing treatments, there was a clear effect of the previous management (P < 0.01), conditioning the dynamics of the different plant components. Where the same animal species were maintained for 4 years,
the differences between sheep or goat grazing on gorse and herbaceous plant dynamics increased (24.4% of gorse and 35.2% of
herbaceous plant cover under goat grazing vs 43.8% of gorse cover and 19.1% of herbaceous plant cover under sheep grazing).
Animal species change buffered the differences between sheep and goats during the second Period. 相似文献