江苏省小麦品种的谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为了解江苏省小麦品种的谷蛋白亚基组成现状,为品质育种提供理论指导,选用77份来自江苏省淮南和淮北主要小麦育种单位的育成品种或高代品系,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)对Glu-1和Glu-3位点进行了鉴定。结果表明,参试品种(系)Glu-1和Glu-3位点的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)变异丰富。共检测到12个HMW-GS等位变异,其中Glu-A1位点有3个,Glu-B1位点有5个,Glu-D1位点有4个。LMW-GS的Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点则分别检测到5个和6个等位变异。淮北小麦的HMW-GS多态性高于淮南小麦。Glu-1和Glu-3位点等位变异的分布频率差异较大,且淮北和淮南表现不同,优质亚基比例较低。Glu-1位点主要亚基类型为0(46.8%)、1(49.4%)、7+8(63.6%)和2+12(63.6%),Glu-A3位点主要亚基类型为a(23.4%)、c(57.1%)和d(15.6%),Glu-B3位点主要亚基类型为b(22.1%)、f(49.4%)和j(1B/1R易位)(16.9%)。淮北小麦的高分子量谷蛋白优质亚基及亚基组合较少,Glu-B3j分布频率高(54.5%),亚基质量有待提高;淮南小麦的优质亚基及组成亦较少,需根据中筋和弱筋小麦育种目标并结合蛋白质含量和亚基选择进行改良。     

动物布鲁氏菌病疫苗的来历及亚单位疫苗的研究概况

布鲁氏菌病是一种严重危害人和动物健康的人畜共患病,人群感染主要来源于感染的动物及被污染的畜产品,目前疫苗免疫仍是控制动物布鲁氏菌病的主要措施。现有国际参考疫苗主要有牛种疫苗株S19和羊种疫苗株Rev.1,这些疫苗为动物群布鲁氏菌病控制提供重要保障的同时也存在关键的技术瓶颈问题,如安全性差,接种动物出现流产;血清抗体体内持续时间较长,干扰常规诊断等。随着布鲁氏菌基因组测序工作的相继完成及DNA重组技术的发展,新型布鲁氏菌病疫苗的开发成为研究的热点。亚单位疫苗本着其较高的安全性和有效性,在动物群布鲁氏菌病控制过程中具有较大的应用前景。笔者综述了布鲁氏菌病疫苗的发展史,并对布鲁氏菌病亚单位疫苗的研究进展进行概述。     

基于LC-ESI-MS/MS技术与生物信息学的蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白亚基鉴定

蚕豆蛋白亚基是蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白重要组成部分,深入鉴定蚕豆蛋白亚基,对了解蚕豆种子蛋白不同亚基的结构和功能具有重要意义。本研究应用液相色谱、电喷雾离子化与串联质谱联用技术和生物信息技术对蚕豆种子贮藏蛋白6个特异亚基进行了质谱鉴定。结果表明:这些特异亚基中的64、47、42及38ku分别鉴定出4个蛋白:豌豆球蛋白、豆球蛋白前体、假定糖结合蛋白、LEGB7_VICFA;97ku亚基蛋白为分子伴侣GroEL;96ku亚基蛋白由6个具有不同代谢功能的蛋白组成。     

Nutritional and metabolic aspects of fatty liver disease in poultry

Summary

There are two metabolic disorders of major commercial importance in poultry that involve the occurrence of fatty deposits in the liver. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) affects young birds and the main manifestations, lipid infiltrations into liver and many other organs, are apparently secondary effects of the primary lesion that lies in carbohydrate metabolism. Although several nutritional and environmental factors influence FLKS, the main factor is the vitamin, biotin. In the absence of an adequate supply of biotin, the hepatic activity of pyruvate carboxylase, a biotin‐dependent enzyme, becomes so low that gluconeogenesis in the liver via pyruvate becomes negligible. When the bird is then subject to a mild stress and 1or short term fasting, liver glycogen reserves become rapidly depleted and a progressive hypoglycaemia develops that ultimately proves fatal. Supplementing diets with adequate amounts of biotin can prevent the syndrome.

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS) is brought about by an excessive accumulation of fat in the livers of adult hens which weakens the cellular structure of the liver and allows fatal haemorrhaging to occur. The aetiology of the syndrome is not clear, but a major factor is an excessive intake of dietary energy. However, Me involvement of hormonal and toxicological factors, as well as other nutritional factors, is also possible.     

冰草高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因的分离及结构特征分析

通过SDS-PAGE分析，在二倍体、四倍体和六倍体冰草[Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.]中都检测到2个表达的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS），但不同倍性的材料之间，以及相同倍性材料的不同种子之间的HMW-GS组成均有所不同。利用PCR技术对冰草的HMW-GS基因进行克隆，结果从二倍体、四倍体和六倍体冰草中分别克隆了3个、1个和3个y型HMW-GS基因的全长编码区序列。序列分析表明，只有来自六倍体冰草中的Bsy2基因具有完整的开放阅读框，编码1个有487氨基酸残基、分子量约为53 kD的HMW-GS，大小相当于SDS-PAGE图谱中的大亚基。而其余6个基因均在中间重复区发生了无义突变。本文对冰草HMW-GS基因的结构特点和进化关系进行了分析。     

Cloning of vacuolar H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase subunit c genes from Japanese iris,and functional characterization in yeast

Five different isoforms (IrlVHA-c1-c5) of V-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c) were cloned from a Japanese iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis Fisch. Koidz) cDNA library using degenerate primers PCR and the 5'-RACE technique. The sequence analysis showed the open reading frame (ORF) of the IrlVHA-c1 c5 to be 495 bp, corresponding to a protein of 164 amino acids. Among the five isoforms, IrlVHA-c1 and IrlVHA-c2 are completely homologous. The IrlVHA-c protein is localized at the vacuolar membrane as indicated by a g...     

Composition and Content of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits and Their Effects on Wheat Quality

Sedimentation values, flour glutenin macropolymer (GMP) contents, composition and contents of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GS) of 233 flour samples were determined. Our data indicated that subunit 1 occurred more frequently at Glu-A1, subunit pair 7 + 8 at Glu- B1 and 2 + 12 at Glu-D1. The significant relationships between Glu-1 quality score and total HMW glutenin content, sedimentation value and GMP content suggested that the composition of HMW-GS affects wheat quality strongly. Moreover,the total content of HMW-GS was correlated with certain quality parameters more significantly. Relationship between subunit 5 + 10 content and breadmaking quality was better than others, but 2 + 12, 7 + 8, 7 + 9 and 4 + 12 also correlated with certain quality parameters significantly. The contents of total HMW-glutenin, x-type subunits and y-type subunits related with sedimentation value, flour GMP content, and Glu-1 quality score more strongly than that of individual subunit or subunit pair. The flour GMP content, with excellent correlation to sedimentation value, total contents of HMW glutenin, x- and y-type subunits and many other quality parameters, could be an ideal indicator of breadmaking quality at earlier generations for breeding purpose for its simple procedure and small scale.     

植物乙酰辅酶A羧化酶β亚基acc D在因研究进展

综述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶及其催化域羧基转移酶(Carboxyltransferase,CT)的β亚基(β-CT)的分布和生理功能、β-CT编码基因accD的分子生物学特征及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶在脂肪酸代谢工程中的应用研究进展。     

西藏普通小麦地方品种特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中Tibetan Dy10亚基基因测序与分析

 【目的】鉴定在西藏小麦地方品种中发现的特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中的Tibetan Dy10亚基是否与普通小麦Dy10亚基为同一亚基。【方法】利用SDS-PAGE分析和Tibetan Dy10亚基基因的克隆和测序。【结果】表明Tibetan Dy10亚基与普通小麦中Dy10亚基广泛存在的Dx5+Dy10组合形式中的Dy10亚基的分子序列非常相似，但分别在2个六肽中的1个氨基酸部位发生替换，第335位的甘氨酸（G）和第451位的谷氨酰氨（Q）在Tibetan Dy10 中均被替换为精氨酸（R）。【结论】Tibetan Dy10与普通小麦中常见的Dy10亚基基因的DNA序列存在微小差异，属于Dy10位点的一个新变异。     

中国冬小麦品种Waxy蛋白分析及分子标记研究

 利用SDS-PAGE分析了国内外306份小麦品种（系）Waxy蛋白的缺失类型，筛选出缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的材料46份；通过对济麦19×豫麦47的120个F2单株Waxy蛋白亚基分析，发现缺失Wx-B1的比例接近1/4，符合孟德尔分离规律。利用3个STS标记和1个SSR标记对不同Waxy蛋白缺失类型进行鉴定，验证其在分子标记辅助育种中的有效性。结果表明，Wx-7A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条1 172 bp的特异带，而缺失Wx-A1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带；Wx-4A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条440 bp的特异带，缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有该扩增片段；Wx-7D位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条940 bp的特异带，而在缺失Wx-D1蛋白亚基的突变材料中则扩增出1条360 bp的特异带；Wx-7D位点的SSR引物在野生型中扩增出1条204 bp的特异带，在缺失Wx-D1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带。这4个标记可以用于分子标记辅助育种。