Analysis of the structure of lignin-carbohydrate complexes by the specific13C tracer method

In the present study the specifically¹³C-enriched lignin precursors of biosynthesis (i.e., coniferin-[side chain–¹³C], coniferin-[side chain-–¹³C] and coniferin-[side chain-–¹³C]) were synthesized and administered exogeneously to ginkgo shoots (Ginkgo biloba L.) to obtain¹³C-enriched lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The specifically¹³C-enriched LCCs were isolated from the newly formed xylem of ginkgo shoots administered with the¹³C-enriched precursors and degraded by enzymes. Lignin-rich fractions, so called enzyme-degraded LCCs (EDLCCs), were obtained. By determining their¹³C-NMR spectra, information related to the chemical structure of lignin building units and linkages between phenylpropane units of lignin and carbohydrates were obtained. It was found that these precursors were incorporated in natural lignin successfully. Three lignin-carbohydrates linkages (i.e., ether type, ester type, ketal type) were found at the C -position of the side chain of phenylpropane units in ginkgo LCC. No lignin-carbohydrate bond at the C- or C-position of the lignin side chain was observed in the¹³C-NMR spectra of the¹³C-enriched LCCs. This fact indicates that a specific¹³C tracer technique can be useful in NMR study of the chemical structure of LCCs.Part of this paper was presented at the 5th Pacific Polymer Conference, Kyongju, Korea, October 1997     

遂昌县珍稀濒危树种资源调查初报

为摸清遂昌县珍稀濒危树种资源及其分布，以探求其资源的进一步保护和开发利用，对该县进行了较全面的调查，采集到珍稀濒危树种腊叶标本14份，同时对全县珍稀濒危树种的分布范围、种群数量、现状及保护价值等进行论述，并提出了扩大九龙山自然保护区面积等具体保护意见。     

湖南珍稀濒危植物迁地仿生护存的初步研究

由于人为破坏和环境条件的恶化，许多植物资源处于濒危灭绝状况，一种植物的灭绝，又将导致10～30个生物种的消失．为了保护珍稀濒危植物，保护生态环境，根据迁地护存植物的生物学特性、生态学特性及其原产地的生态环境条件，应用植物引种原理，从1986年开始，在湖南省森林植物园，对湖南和邻近省的一些珍稀濒危植物进行了迁地仿生护存的初步研究．共迁地护存珍稀濒危植物124种，现保存118种，保存率95．16％．其中，湖南省分布的国家级珍稀濒危植物57种，邻近省的27种，省级保护植物34种．这些植物中，年均高生长60cm以上的有25种，30～60cm的有42种，小于30cm的有51种．     

浙江箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及基本特征

调查统计表明,箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物有28种,隶属于18科25属。通过对箬寮岘自然保护区28种珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物区系组成的分析,得出该区系具有木本植物占优势、区系起源古老、孑遗植物众多、地理成分复杂和特有现象显著等特征。     

河北珍稀濒危植物资源保护与利用之我见

本文对河北省分布的17种、栽培的9种珍稀濒危植物作了简要介绍,并对加强保护与合理开发利用提出了建议.认为,加强保护宣传和科普工作、加强资源调查、保护好植物种群的生态环境,积极开展引种驯化的科学研究、处理好保护与开发利用的关系、加强学术交流,是切实保护珍稀濒危植物资源,维持并逐步扩大种群数量、长期稳定地合理利用植物资源的重要途径。     

浙江古田山自然保护区珍稀濒危植物区系的研究

在古田山国家级自然保护区中，有野生珍稀濒危植物15种，隶属9科14属。其中国家1级保护植物1种，2级保护植物14种。从种的地理分布和属的分布区类型的分析可以看出，该区系与西南区系联系密切，过渡性强，并含有众多的古老成分。     

福建武夷山自然保护区珍稀、濒危和特有植物及其分布

在收集整理20多年保护区野外植物调查数据基础上,总结了福建武夷山国家级自然保护区珍稀、濒危及中国特有属植物分布。列入国家重点保护的野生植物共计35种,其中属国家Ⅰ级保护植物3种,国家Ⅱ级保护植物19种,国家Ⅲ级保护植物13种。列入《中国濒危植物红皮书》国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物28种。高等植物模式产地种共记录47种。中国特有属植物共计27属31种,其中单种属12属12种,少种属9属10种,多种属6属9种。     

Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 activity during meiosis resumption in mammals

In vivo, resumption of oocyte meiosis occurs in large ovarian follicles after the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH surge leads to the activation of a broad signaling network in mural granulosa cells equipped with LH receptors. The signals generated in the mural granulosa cells are further augmented by locally produced peptides or steroids and transferred to the cumulus cell compartment and the oocyte itself. Over the last decade, essential progress has been made in the identification of molecular events associated with the final maturation and ovulation of mammalian oocytes. All new evidence argues for a multiple roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (MAPK3/1) in the gonadotropin-induced ovulation processes. However, the knowledge of gonadotropin-induced signaling pathways leading to MAPK3/1 activation in follicular cells seems limited. To date, only the LH-induced transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor/MAPK3/1 pathway has been described in granulosa/cumulus cells even though other mechanisms of MAPK3/1 activation have been detected in other types of cells. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advances in the elucidation of gonadotropin-induced mechanisms leading to the activation of MAPK3/1 in preovulatory follicles and cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes and to point out a specific role of this kinase in the processes accompanying final maturation of the mammalian oocyte.     

拟无枝酸菌宿主构建及次级代谢基因簇异源表达

为将生长快、发酵时间短、遗传操作便捷的稀有放线菌拟无枝酸菌TNS106开发成异源表达宿主,通过同源重组将内源的瑞斯托霉素生物合成关键基因rpsA替换为ΦC31和ΦBT1噬菌体细菌附着位点attB,清除代谢背景并引入整合位点,得到菌株HXR1;将含有来自天蓝色链霉菌的放线紫红素基因簇或来自刺糖多孢菌的多杀菌素基因簇的质粒转到HXR1进行异源表达,检测发酵产物。结果显示,HXR1成功表达放线紫红素和多杀菌素;与红色糖多孢菌宿主LJ161相比,放线紫红素的产生提前1 d,产量提高1.3倍。拟无枝酸菌异源表达宿主HXR1可为从链霉菌和稀有放线菌中发现新的次级代谢产物提供有用的平台。     

铁氧化物-硅酸盐复合物的形成、性质及其对砷的固定

铁氧化物与硅酸盐矿物是土壤中最重要、最活跃的固相组分,它们之间的交互作用直接影响土壤物理化学特性,可有效地调控土壤(类)重金属的迁移、转化。本文以铁氧化物和硅酸盐矿物胶结过程中的一些表观特征变化为出发点,从宏观、表观到微观综述了二者交互作用的界面特性和机理、交互作用前后对土壤砷的固定与释放机制等内容。本文阐明层状硅酸盐与铁氧化物通过多种化学作用而发生表面复合,其中静电作用是作用力之一,带负电荷的硅酸盐与带正电荷的铁氧化物在静电引力的作用下迅速结合,在胶体表面双电层上形成二元团聚体;形成的二元团聚体可改变土壤矿物的表面积和孔性结构、表面电化学特性和物理性质。同时,铁氧化物-硅酸盐复合物表面的活性基团可以通过内层络合共氧的方式将土壤中AsO_4~(2-)络合,形成单核或双核表面络合物而固定砷。复合物对AsO_4~(2-)的吸附能力介于铁氧化物和硅酸盐矿物之间,并更接近铁氧化物的表面吸附特性。本文旨在为土壤砷的原位固定提供理论支撑。