Testing the public–private soil data and information sharing model for sustainable soil management outcomes

Soil data form the basis of soil information systems across the globe. Soil information needs, and the questions posed by users, are likely to evolve in response to advances in technology in this era of Big Data. This poses a challenge to the pedological community which is already experiencing a decline in soil knowledge and expertise. With a decrease in soil data collection by governments, it is timely to reconsider how and what soil information should be provided to future users. A public–private partnership is advocated to deliver timely and accessible soil information to users. Two public–private provisioning programs are presented, and advantages and considerations for sharing soil data and information amongst industry, government, research organizations, service providers and land managers for these are discussed. Interoperable, open‐source and agreed soil community standards are used to present soil data and information through spatial web portals with tools for interpretation of soil data for public and private beneficiaries.     

对我国私营企业人力资源管理的探讨

私营经济也已经成为我国国民经济的重要组成部分,并且发展非常快速。然而,在快速发展中也出现了一些切切实实的问题,特别是在人力资源管理上存在很多的问题和误区,这已经成为私营企业发展的屏障,应引起重视,共同探讨对策。     

Conflicts in conservation: Woodland key habitats,authorities and private forest owners in Sweden

Abstract

The process of protection (e.g. reserves, agreements) on the lands of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners sometimes leads to conflicts (conflict: a perceived threat to needs, interests or concerns; in this study, “threat” was important). To investigate predictive factors for such conflicts in southern Sweden, a questionnaire was sent to 132 NIPF owners with woodland key habitat (WKH; identified biodiversity values). The response rate was 77% and conflict was reported by 22.5% of respondents, while 14% reported good relations with authorities. The respondents reported conflict due to rules for cutting, protection and compensation. Compared with other owners, those reporting conflict were younger (mean 54 versus 62 years old), had more negative opinion about the personal contact with the authority, had twice as large an area of WKH and had more negative opinion about the WKH. Logistic regression revealed four variables that predicted conflict: area of WKH on property, opinion about WKH, opinion about personal contact and, especially, age of respondent. Younger forest owners may be more dependent upon income from harvesting than older owners. Conflicts were frequent and the factors identified here should be taken into account in forest conservation work.     

社交网络用户行为挖掘研究进展与展望

以2009～2013年中国沪深两市A股民营上市公司为样本，实证检验审计师声誉、公司声誉与权益资本成本的关系。研究发现：限制其他条件，审计师声誉、公司声誉分别与公司权益资本成本呈显著负相关。进一步研究发现，随着公司自身声誉的逐步建立，审计师声誉对于公司权益资本成本的影响将会逐渐减弱，公司声誉对于审计师声誉具有替代作用。     

民营企业人力资源管理问题及对策研究

民营企业在人力资源管理方面仍处于传统人事管理阶段,人力资源管理机构定位低,对培训投入严重不足,且缺乏有效的激励机制。导致的原因有民营企业对人力资源管理重视程度不够,加上受传统中国人情关系的影响,人力资源管理的目标不清,各种管理手段效果不佳。要解决这一问题,不仅要提高认识,而且要不断完善人力资源管理体系,在员工激励、人员配置和企业文化建设等方面下功夫。     

民办高校学生学习动机分析--以江西科技学院为例

文章主要是从学生的性别、生源地、年级层次着手分析比较学生的学习动机状况。另外从学生学习目标、学习表现情况、学校教学环境、社会用人制度等方面对学生学习动机影响展开了分析。     

论民营医疗机构的市场准入规制——以法经济学为视角

随着市场经济的深化发展，多元化医疗服务竞争机制的形成需要民营医疗机构市场准入。在我国鼓励社会资本办医政策下，民营医疗机构有了一定发展，但却存在逐利性和市场退出制度缺失等问题。引发这些现象的主要原因是医患信息不对称、医疗服务负外部性、供给诱导需求、医疗公共产品短缺等市场失灵现象。基于此，为确保医疗事业发展和医疗安全，政府应以从严规制与从宽规制相结合的方式，对民营医疗机构市场准入适度干预，建立民营医疗机构市场准入法律制度，明确其市场准入条件和准入范围，建立市场退出制度，以促进和引导民营医疗机构健康、快速和稳定发展。     

摇臂式喷头内流道曲面的逆向重构研究

用线切割机床将雨鸟30IBH摇臂式喷头内流道切割成a,b两部分,使三维光学扫描仪的投影光束能够到达其表面进行多视扫描,获取不同视角下流道a,b的点云数据。去除多视点云中的噪点后,用三点法拼接多视点云,得到流道a,b的点云数据;再将流道a,b的点云数据拼接成喷头内流道的点云数据;采用弦偏差采样法将点云数据精简后,用基于边的方法把点云分割成喷管和小喷嘴两部分,选择非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)模型分别按照点-线-面的顺序进行曲面重构。曲面重构的精度分析结果表明,最大几何误差为0.292 9mm,平均几何误差为0.076 2mm,满足预期的精度要求,实现了摇臂式喷头的内流道曲面重构。     

Modelling trade offs between public and private conservation policies

To reduce global biodiversity loss, there is an urgent need to determine the most efficient allocation of conservation resources. Recently, there has been a growing trend for many governments to supplement public ownership and management of reserves with incentive programs for conservation on private land. At the same time, policies to promote conservation on private land are rarely evaluated in terms of their ecological consequences. This raises important questions, such as the extent to which private land conservation can improve conservation outcomes, and how it should be mixed with more traditional public land conservation. We address these questions, using a general framework for modelling environmental policies and a case study examining the conservation of endangered native grasslands to the west of Melbourne, Australia. Specifically, we examine three policies that involve: (i) spending all resources on creating public conservation areas; (ii) spending all resources on an ongoing incentive program where private landholders are paid to manage vegetation on their property with 5-year contracts; and (iii) splitting resources between these two approaches. The performance of each strategy is quantified with a vegetation condition change model that predicts future changes in grassland quality. Of the policies tested, no one policy was always best and policy performance depended on the objectives of those enacting the policy. This work demonstrates a general method for evaluating environmental policies and highlights the utility of a model which combines ecological and socioeconomic processes.     

非公有制森林经营方案编制中公众参与问题探讨

阐述非公有制森林经营方案相关公众、公众参与的内涵、公众参与权利及方式,并将非公有制森林经营方案编制划分为准备、外业调查、征求意见、公示、评审修改、上报与审批、执行与反馈7个阶段,提出每个阶段林地所有者、林木所有者、资源管理者和其他利益相关者参与的具体形式及权力表现。