农业机械系统配备量优化研究

农业机械系统选型配套是研究机械化的重要基础性工作,同时也是确保优质和高效完成各项作业的重要条件。为此,对目前农业机械配备方法进行了研究与分析,提出采用流水作业下的农业机械线性规划配备模型来进行配备量研究,对农业机械化取得良好经济效益有很好的推进作用。     

叉车轮胎的非正常磨损及预防

叉车的使用因素、行车机构技术状况、驾驶技术等影响叉车轮胎的非正常磨损，应通过加强轮胎维护、提高底盘维护质量、合理选择和搭配轮胎等加以预防。     

海南省香蕉微喷灌技术示范研究

先进适用的节水灌溉技术不仅能为作物提供适时适量的灌溉，提高作物的产量和品质，而且为农业种植结构调整和高效农业发展提供了有力保障。海南省通过节水增效灌溉示范项目建设，研究香蕉在节水灌溉条件下的灌溉制度，取得了初步成效。研究探索出先进实用、可操作性强的香蕉微喷灌节水灌溉增产模式，为全省香蕉种植业实现“优质、高产、高效”提供了科学的灌溉依据。     

精密播种机下压力和播深CAN总线监控与评价系统研究

为实现精密播种作业中播种下压力和播深的实时监控和质量评价,设计了一种多行播种机下压力和播深CAN总线监控与评价系统。系统采用基于角度和轴销传感器的播深和下压力测量装置,优化设计了液压驱动和分区控制的气压驱动装置,开发了基于Co De Sys(Controlled development system)编程环境的智能终端交互界面和ECU(Electronic control unit)控制程序,实现了基于CAN总线通信的作业参数监测控制和质量评价。通过搭建的室内试验台完成了播深和下压力静态建模试验,建立了适应不同设定播深的下压力测量模型。分区控制系统响应测试试验表明,在调节范围(0. 2～0. 6 MPa)内,系统超调量低于5. 97%;响应时间与控制行数和设定气压正相关;在设定气压(0. 1～0. 6 MPa)范围内,6行播种机调节时间不超过2. 35 s。为测试系统工作性能,在25、50、75 mm 3种设定播深下,对左区控制(600 N)、右区控制(300 N)、机械调节和自重调节4种控制方式进行了田间性能试验。土壤压实和播种下压力控制效果试验表明,主动分区控制方式可实现更为稳定的土壤紧实度,且在浅旋地块环境下,右区控制方式可达到最优的下压力稳定性,其控制合格率不小于95. 78%;播深控制效果试验表明,随着设定播深的增大,播深质量显著降低,在设定播深25～75 mm范围内,左区控制、右区控制、机械调节和自重调节对应的最小播深合格率分别为91. 92%、92. 53%、70. 44%和58. 72%,对应的最大标准差分别为2. 22、3. 11、3. 69、7. 70 mm,对应的最大变异系数分别为3. 52%、4. 40%、4. 96%和14. 01%。相比机械调节和自重调节,分区控制系统提高了单体下压力和播深稳定性。     

柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料的乳化工艺的试验

柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料综合了柴油-水乳化燃料和柴油-甲醇乳化燃料两者的优点,日益引起了人们的注意。为此,介绍了两种制备柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料工艺—CR-2型乳化装置法和电动机械搅拌法,并给出了相应的研究结果。     

X195柴油机优化调整节能技术的研究

动力性和经济性是柴油机的两个重要指标，广大发动机研究者一直致力于改善这两个指标。特别是在能源短缺的今天，如何提高发动机的动力性和经济性的问题就显得尤为重要。通过大量的台架实验．研究了X195柴油机的3项主要的调整参数(供油提前角、喷油压力、气门间隙)对其动力性和经济性的影响，分析了其影响因素，分别找出了最佳的调整范围。     

我国农业可持续发展面临的生态环境问题及对策

对我国农业可持续发展中所面临的水土流失、荒漠化、水资源短缺、自然灾害频繁发生等生态问题,化肥污染、农药污染、畜禽养殖污染、农膜污染等面源污染问题以及乡镇工业污染和农村生活污染等问题进行了简要论述;并针对存在的问题,提出了发展绿色农业产业、加强农村环境立法、加强脆弱生态系统的保护管理等几点对策和建议。     

农机专业《机械制造工艺学》教学方法的探讨

《机械制造工艺学》是工科院校中一门实践性强、涉及面广、灵活性大又十分重要的专业课，对培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力、创新能力、实践能力等起着重要的作用。为此对农机类专业的《机械制造工艺学》课程教学方法进行了探讨，提出了一些教学措施，并通过实践，取得较好效果。     

Construction of mouse ESC line stably expressing Pdx1 by Tet-On system

AIM To construct the mouse embryonic stem cell （ESC） line with stable pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 （Pdx1） expression by Tet-On system, which may lay a foundation for further research on the differentiation of Pdx1⁺ definitive endoderm cells into pancreatic cells. METHODS The Pdx1-overexpressing lentiviral vector with green fluorescent protein marker and puromycin resistance was constructed by Tet-On system and was used to infect the mouse ESC. The cells were divided into 3 groups： blank control group （ESC group）, empty lentivirus control group （PDX1^- ESC group） and Pdx1 lentivirus transfection group （PDX1⁺ ESC group）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the transfected cells after screening by doxycycline （DOX）. The function of Tet-On system and the expression of Pdx1 gene were detected. The transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group were sorted by flow cytometry, and constructed ESC line with stable expression of Pdx1 and negative control ESC line were verified. RESULTS （1） The positive rates of transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group were 90.72% and 94.01% after screening by DOX, respectively. The positive rates of transfected cells in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group was 97.84% and 98.13% after sorting by flow cytometry, respectively. （2） With DOX, green fluorescence was observed in PDX1^- ESC group and PDX1⁺ ESC group. The mRNA and protein expression of Pdx1 was significantly increased in PDX1⁺ ESC group （P<0.05）. Without DOX, no green fluorescence was observed in the cells of the 3 groups, and no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of Pdx1 was observed （P>0.05）. （3） After 3 months of cryopreservation, the cell lines still survived in resuscitation culture and were regulated by DOX. CONCLUSION Using Tet-On system, the mouse ESC line with inducible Pdx1 expression were successfully established and could be used as an effective cell model to research the differentiation of Pdx1⁺ definitive endoderm cells into pancreatic cells.     

MicroRNA-9-5p mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 in paraventricular nucleus of rats with T2D

AIM To investigate whether microRNA-9-5p （miR-9-5p） mediates sympathetic overactivity by targeting KCNN3 （potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3） gene,which encoded small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3 （SK3） protein, in paraventricular nucleus （PVN） of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2D）. METHODS A rat model of T2D was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. The levels of miR-9-5p and KCNN3 mRNA in PVN were detected by real-time PCR. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p was predicted by TargetScan. Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV）-miR-9-5p or KCNN3 were bilaterally microinjected into the PVN to observe the changes in plasma glucose levels and sympathetic drive indicators. The number of FosB and SK3 positive cells was measured by immunofluorescence staining. The protein expression of SK3 was determined by Western blot. The relationship between KCNN3 and miR-9-5p were confirmed by cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Compared with the rats in diabetes control （DC） group, the blood glucose, sympathetic drive indexes and the level of miR-9-5p in PVN were significantly increased, while the SK3 expression in PVN was obviously reduced in the diabetes mellitus （DM） rats. After microinjecion of rAAV-miR-9-5p in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes, blood glucose, and the number of FosB-positive cells were increased significantly, but the SK3 protein expression was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. However, up-regulation of KCNN3 in PVN had the opposite effect. These responses were obviously enhanced in DM rats compared with DC rats. The results of cell transfection and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-9-5p bound to the 3’-UTR of KCNN3 and inhibit its expression. CONCLUSION miR-9-5p was up-regulated in PVN of the rats with T2D, and it may mediate sympathoexcitation by targeting KCNN3.