Effects of perioperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blocks,lumbosacral epidural or morphine–lidocaine–ketamine infusion on postoperative pain and sedation in dogs undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

ObjectiveTo compare the quality of postoperative analgesia and sedation after preoperative saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade, preoperative lumbosacral epidural injection and perioperative intravenous (IV) morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusions in dogs undergoing stifle arthroscopy and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) under general anesthesia.Study designProspective, blinded, randomized, clinical comparison study.AnimalsA total of 45 dogs weighing 33.9 (15.9–56.7) kg and aged 5.2 (1.0–12.0) years, mean (range), undergoing elective unilateral TPLO for spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture.MethodsClient-owned dogs were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group MLK, perioperative IV morphine, lidocaine and ketamine infusion; group EPID, lumbosacral epidural with ropivacaine and morphine; or group SSNB, saphenous and sciatic nerve blockade with ropivacaine. Routine stifle arthroscopy followed by TPLO surgery was performed. Sedation and pain scores were assessed at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours following extubation. Rescue analgesia was administered as prescribed by Glasgow composite pain score–short form score >5.ResultsSedation scores for MLK were higher than EPID and SSNB. Pain scores for SSNB were lower than those for EPID and MLK. No significant differences were found in anesthesia duration or surgery duration among groups. No dogs required rescue analgesia.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlthough analgesia was adequate in all groups, the best combination of analgesia without increased sedation was recorded for SSNB.     

人参白虎汤对糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响

目的:探讨人参白虎汤对实验性糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响。方法:四氧嘧啶尾静脉注射复制高血糖大鼠模型,以大鼠机械刺激痛阈、大鼠坐骨神经传导速度与坐骨神经病理形态学改变为主要指标,观察人参白虎汤对糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变的影响。结果:人参白虎汤可明显提高糖尿病大鼠痛阈值(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高坐骨神经传导速度P<0.01),明显地改善高血糖引起的神经纤维髓鞘变性(P<0.05或P<0.01),具有一定的抗糖尿病周围神经病变的作用。     

当归四逆汤对糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经传导速度和踝肱指数的影响

目的 观察当归四逆汤对糖尿病周围神经病变患者神经传导速度和踝肱指数的影响。方法 将糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为对照组30例与治疗组30例,两组均口服甲钴胺作为基础治疗,治疗组加用当归四逆汤治疗,治疗4周后,观察并比较两组患者的总体疗效、周围神经传导速度及踝肱指数的改善情况。结果 治疗组总有效率90.0%显著高于对照组63.3%（P<0.05）,且其神经传导速度、踝肱指数改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 当归四逆汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变有较好的疗效,能增强神经传导速度,改善踝肱指数值,可临床推广应用。     

棉铃虫复眼中Clock生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式

【目的】克隆并分析棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)复眼Clock(Clk)生物钟基因的c DNA序列,探讨棉铃虫复眼中Clk生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式及其表达水平的影响因子,以确认其在复眼中是否起着调节生物节律的功能,为理解复眼中生物钟基因网络提供理论参考。【方法】以2日龄棉铃虫复眼为试验材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE末端扩增技术克隆棉铃虫Clk生物钟基因。利用生物信息学软件对得到的棉铃虫CLK氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)技术,检测棉铃虫成虫不同器官(头、胸、腹、足、翅、脑、触角、复眼)中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过设置不同的光周期环境,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式;通过在暗期设置6 h不同波段光(UV、蓝光和绿光)照射,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过设置棉铃虫雌雄蛾交配处理,检测交配结束0 h和3 h复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平;通过饥饿处理棉铃虫雌雄蛾,检测复眼中Clk生物钟基因的表达水平。【结果】克隆得到棉铃虫Clk生物钟基因的c DNA序列,命名为He CLK(Gen Bank登录号为KM233158),开放读码框1 860 bp,编码619个氨基酸组成的多肽,理论推测分子量(Mw)为69.32 k D,等电点(p I)为5.71。推导得到的氨基酸序列具有3个跨膜拓扑结构,包含多个昆虫CLK蛋白的保守区域(PAS和HLH),其与甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和黑脉金斑蝶(Danaus plexippus)的同源性较高,分别为97%和74%。与点蜂缘蝽(Riptortus pedestris)和马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)的同源性较低,分别为53%和52%。q RT-PCR结果表明在检测的成虫器官中,He CLK在复眼中表达水平最低,触角中表达水平最高。在14L﹕10D光周期下,复眼中He CLK的表达量在白天增高,夜晚下降。生物钟基因的昼夜表达模式在1 d黑暗下可以持续,而在持续黑暗下固有表达节律消失。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在6 h光照后上调,但不同波段光照射无显著性差异。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在交配后有下调趋势,在雄蛾交配后表达水平显著性下降。复眼中He CLK的表达水平在饥饿处理后无显著性变化。【结论】成功从夜蛾棉铃虫的复眼中克隆得到Clk生物钟基因,由Clk生物钟基因推导得到的氨基酸序列具有典型的CLK蛋白特征,且与昆虫CLK蛋白同源性较高。在检测的棉铃虫成虫器官中,He CLK在复眼中的表达水平最低。He CLK在外周组织复眼中的表达水平受蛾类自身节律、光照和蛾类生理状态的影响,证实棉铃虫复眼中He CLK在调节生物节律方面具有重要作用,但生物钟基因网络在复眼与中枢神经中是否类似有待进一步深入研究。     

糖尿病性周围血管病患者血清中TM和EDHF的表达及意义

目的通过观察糖尿病性周围血管病患者血清中TM和EHDF的表达,探讨两者在该病中的意义.方法运用ELISA法检测32例糖尿病性周围血管病组、25例糖尿病组及20例正常组血清中TM与EDHF的表达,统计检测相关数据.结果糖尿病性周围血管病组及糖尿病组分别与正常组比较,两组血清中TM与EDHF明显高于正常组（P〈0.01）;糖尿病性周围血管病组与糖尿病组、正常组比较,血清中TM与EDHF显著高于后两组（P〈0.05）.相关性分析结果显示：TM与EDHF在糖尿病各组间血清中表达呈显著性正相关（P〈0.01）.结论 TM与EDHF参与糖尿病性周围血管病的发病过程,并且两者具有相关性,其可能在该病的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcoma with Rhabdoid Features in a Dog

A nine-year-old male beagle dog had a white spherical mass in the subcutis of the left lumbar region. Microscopically, spindle to oval cells diffusely proliferated in the fibrous and myxoid stroma. Many neoplastic cells showed rhabdoid features or vacuolated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S100 and partly positive for neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein but were negative for von Willebrand factor, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasmic processes and desmosome-like structures. Cytoplasmic inclusions of rhabdoid-featured cells in HE sections were composed of aggregates of intermediate filaments, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were identified as an invagination of cytoplasm. Although malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was suggested according to these results, the present case was diagnosed as a soft tissue sarcoma with rhabdoid features due to a lack of identification of the basal lamina under electron microscopy.     

Equine peripheral and infundibular dental caries: A review and proposals for their investigation

Several different theories on the aetiology of dental caries have been proposed, but it is generally accepted that it is primarily caused by acidogenic microorganisms converting fermentable carbohydrates to acids. There is still some discussion on whether caries is caused by specific microorganisms or a nonspecific mix of different microorganisms and on whether caries is a classical infection or is caused by dysregulation of the normal oral bacteria (dysbiosis). Two types of dental caries are recognised in horses, i.e. peripheral dental caries and infundibular dental caries, with peripheral caries appearing to be increasingly recognised. Little is known about the prevalence and severity of peripheral dental caries in the general equine population, or the risk factors and microorganisms involved in its aetiopathogenesis. Limited pathological studies have shown 2 types of cemental destruction in equine peripheral caries, and indicate that gross dental examination underestimates the severity of equine peripheral caries.     

Peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the equine maxillary sinus

This case report describes an 8‐year‐old Belgian Warmblood mare that was initially diagnosed and treated for a dental sinusitis. Despite removal of the diseased teeth and appropriate treatment, the sinusitis did not resolve. Over time, growth of a peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the left maxillary sinus became apparent, with recurrence after surgical removal. The clinical, radiographic, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and pathological (gross and histological) findings of the first reported peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the equine paranasal region are described and illustrated.     

叶尔羌高原鳅外周血淋巴细胞的分离

以体质健康的叶尔羌高原鳅为研究对象,分离其外周血淋巴细胞。结果表明,采用浓度为1.085g/mL的淋巴细胞分离液在2000r/min离心35min的情况下,可将叶尔羌高原鳅外周血淋巴细胞有效地分离出来。该研究不仅为叶尔羌高原鳅淋巴细胞功能研究提供了依据,还可为叶尔羌高原鳅的疾病防治、人工养殖提供重要参考。