添加物对水稻青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为提高水稻(Oryza sativa)青贮发酵品质与有氧稳定性,本试验对培杂泰丰添加乳酸菌（青贮宝和LD8）和富糖物质（蔗糖和菠萝皮）进行了研究。结果表明,所有添加物处理的pH值都较低,除蔗糖外均显著低于对照(P<0.05),添加菠萝皮、青贮宝和LD8的青贮料之间pH值没有显著差异(P>0.05);所有添加物处理的丁酸含量显著低于对照(P<0.05),特别是菠萝皮、青贮宝和LD8改善水稻的发酵品质效果显著。青贮开封后,添加菠萝皮和LD8的青贮料有氧稳定性较好。综合考虑, LD8和菠萝皮改善水稻青贮品质的效果最佳。     

火炬松与马尾松混交造林效果分析

对福建省宁化县20年生的火炬松与马尾松混交试验林的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明:在相同立地因子和相同经营措施条件下,火炬松与马尾松混交林的生长量与火炬松纯林、马尾松纯林的生长量间具有极显著差异。在不同混交方法中,以带状混交林的生长量最大,林分总蓄积量达166.023 m3.hm-2;块状混交林次之;株间混交林最小。在不同混交比例中,以火炬松∶马尾松=8∶2混交林和火炬松纯林的生长量较高,林分总蓄积量分别达164.277 m3.hm-2和161.217 m3.hm-2,马尾松纯林的生长量最小。     

木薯渣发酵饲料的工艺筛选

以木薯生产中产生的废渣为主要原料,以黑曲霉、绿色木霉和根霉R2为发酵菌种,优化木薯渣发酵生产菌体蛋白饲料的工艺。初步确定了木薯渣发酵的适宜条件,即液体菌种添加量为3%,氮源添加量为20%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间为4 d,经试验验证,此发酵条件下发酵饲料中粗蛋白含量较高,可达到蛋白饲料对蛋白质含量的要求。通过处理木薯渣变为动物的饲料原料,不仅可充分利用淀粉工业的废弃物,有利于环境保护,而且可显著降低饲养成本,从而提高了木薯渣的利用价值和经济效益。     

Effects of adding food by‐products mainly including noodle waste to total mixed ration silage on fermentation quality,feed intake,digestibility, nitrogen utilization and ruminal fermentation in wethers

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the applicability of two types of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products. Four food by‐products (i.e., potato waste, soy sauce cake, soybean curd residue and noodle waste) were obtained and mixed with commercial concentrate (CC) as TMR silage. The two types of TMR silage, T1 and T2, each contained CC, in addition to all by‐products for T1 (TRE1), and soy sauce cake and noodle waste for T2 (TRE2) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The silage was well‐fermented with low pH values and high lactic acid concentration. As the experimental treatments, T1, T2 and CC (CTL) were fed with a basal diet. The result showed that the digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) were higher for T1 than for CC (P < 0.05), while crude protein digestibility was not significantly different among T1, T2 and CC. The retained nitrogen was not affected by inclusion of food by‐products. Ruminal pH in TRE1 and TRE2 immediately decreased compared to that in CTL. The study suggested that the two types of TMR silage, including food by‐products, might be used as a substitute for commercial concentrate.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪圆环病毒2型、猪伪 狂犬病病毒混合感染的检测分析

本研究采用RT-PCR方法对2010年12月至2011年11月采集于豫西地区的170份疑似PRRSV感染猪病料进行病原检测,得到102份高致病性PRRSV阳性样本,在此基础上应用PCR方法检测PCV2和PRV的感染情况,并计算混合感染率。试验结果显示,豫西地区PRRS发病猪主要疫病的总混合感染率为58.52%,二重混合感染率为39.21%,三重混合感染率为19.61%,其中PRRSV/PCV2型二重混合感染最严重,混合感染率达33.33%;春夏和秋冬总混合感染率分别为48.57%、81.25%,而且不管是二重还是三重混合感染,秋冬均比春夏更严重,尤其是PRRSV/PCV2/PRV型三重混合感染,秋冬与春夏季节的混合感染率相差较大,分别为37.50%、11.43%;PRRS发病猪从哺乳期到育肥期都有混合感染,混合感染率分别为42.10%、50.00%、100.00%,混合感染程度逐渐加重,主要集中在育肥期;不同发病时期的最高混合感染型也有所不同,其中哺乳期最高混合感染型为PRRSV/PCV2,混合感染率为42.10%,保育期最高混合感染型为PRRSV/PCV2、PRRSV/PCV2/PRV,混合感染率均为22.73%,育肥期最高混合感染型为PRRSV/PCV2/PRV,混合感染率为50.00%。本研究反映了豫西地区PRRS发病猪群与猪圆环2型及猪伪狂犬病的混合感染情况和规律,为该地区PRRS及其混合感染的临床诊治和区域性防控工作的进行提供了理论依据和指导。     

高能混合粒子场处理龙牧803紫花苜蓿的诱变效果研究

为了验证高能混合粒子场作为诱变源应用在紫花苜蓿品种改良上的效果和价值,试验将5 000粒龙牧803紫花苜蓿干种子平均分为两份,一份用5个剂量(109,145,195,284,560 Gy)的高能混合粒子场辐照处理,另一份用与高能粒子场相同剂量的60Coγ射线辐照处理作为对照,通过发芽试验和RAPD分子标记对2种诱变源在紫花苜蓿上的作用效果进行比较。结果表明:使用高能混合粒子场处理紫花苜蓿对苜蓿种子的损伤较小,与传统60Coγ射线造成的损伤效果有明显区别,说明高能混合粒子场有作为新的诱变源应用的价值。     

饲草型全混合日粮对羔羊肉品质的影响

为探讨不同配方饲粮饲喂羔羊时对其肉质的影响,选用巴彦淖尔市较为丰富的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)秸秆、玉米(Zea mays)秸秆和番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)渣等饲草资源,结合饲草GI分级指数和饲草组合效应理论,配制出羔羊育肥专用饲草...     

禽流感H_5和H_9混合疫苗免疫肉鸽的效果试验

将禽流感H5亚型二价灭活疫苗（H5N1,Re-4＋Re-5）和H9亚型（SS株）灭活疫苗等量均匀混合,采用不同剂量不同次数分别注射。用血凝和血凝抑制试验方法检测H5亚型（Re-4、Re-5）和H9亚型（SS株）抗体效价。试验表明：以较小剂量0.5ml/只,间隔21d二免能产生整齐、持久、高滴度保护抗体,据此提出鸽H5和H9亚型禽流感多价混合疫苗的参考免疫程序。     

Use of posterior predictive assessments to evaluate model fit in multilevel logistic regression

Assessing the fit of a model is an important final step in any statistical analysis, but this is not straightforward when complex discrete response models are used. Cross validation and posterior predictions have been suggested as methods to aid model criticism. In this paper a comparison is made between four methods of model predictive assessment in the context of a three level logistic regression model for clinical mastitis in dairy cattle; cross validation, a prediction using the full posterior predictive distribution and two “mixed” predictive methods that incorporate higher level random effects simulated from the underlying model distribution. Cross validation is considered a gold standard method but is computationally intensive and thus a comparison is made between posterior predictive assessments and cross validation. The analyses revealed that mixed prediction methods produced results close to cross validation whilst the full posterior predictive assessment gave predictions that were over-optimistic (closer to the observed disease rates) compared with cross validation. A mixed prediction method that simulated random effects from both higher levels was best at identifying the outlying level two (farm-year) units of interest. It is concluded that this mixed prediction method, simulating random effects from both higher levels, is straightforward and may be of value in model criticism of multilevel logistic regression, a technique commonly used for animal health data with a hierarchical structure.     

辽宁省复种青贮玉米潜力分析与技术探讨

分析了复种青贮玉米Zea mays对气候资源的利用特点、产量和品质优势以及市场需求,并根据田间试验结果提出了辽宁地区复种青贮玉米生产的4项关键技术,即：辽宁地区复种青贮玉米适宜的品种为郑单958和高油青贮4515;为保证产量和品质,选用郑单958和高油4515品种,播期最好不要超过7月19日;在有机质中等偏上、氮含量中等、磷和钾缺乏的土壤条件下,经济合理的施氮量为250 kg/hm2,施磷量(P2O5)为100 kg/hm2;采用穴播技术（一穴双株）可有效地提高产量,适宜的穴播密度为10万株/hm2。