马尾松种源基因型×环境互作及其稳定性的研究

福建省4个地域91个种源10年生时试验结果表明:(1)各点马尾松种源生长上差异十分显著,树高、胸径和材积三个性状的遗传方差份量约占总变异的38.92%—42.75%;(2)种源×地点的效应,树高不明显,材积和胸径达显著水准,而种源基因型效应比较明显,其方差份量约为GE互作份量的1倍;(3)根据Francls和Kanuenbery模型计算种源GE互作效应及其稳定性,将参试种源划分为4种类型,其中高产稳定型种源26个,平均材积遗传增益达42.84%,可在全省各地区推广;(4)广西岑溪和广东罗定两个种源生长最为突出,平均村积遗传增益达88%。     

杉木无性系与环境的交互效应及其稳定性研究

49个杉木无性系、4个点10年生测定结果表明,杉木无性系与环境的交互效应极其显著。不同无性系在不同环境条件下表现出来的交的交互效应的大小具体反映在稳定度的高低。根据交互效应得出的稳定参数,对49个杉木无性系进行分类,确定了不同无性系的类型和适生范围。     

巨桉种源试验及其在我国适生范围的研究*

1987年在福建省长泰县和海南省琼海县进行了我国首次系统巨桉种源试验。参试种源来自澳大利亚的巨桉自然分布区、巴西的人工林和南非种子园。当巨桉林龄18个月时,长泰试验点平均高4.51m,胸径4.2cm,种源间差异均不显著;琼海试验点平均高4.45m,胸径3.6cm,种源间差异显著。地点间平均树高几乎相同,但胸径差异显著。试验发现,基因型与环境之间的交互作用明显。巨桉的种群变异可能是不规则的。应用GENSTAT统计程序进行的生物气候预测分析表明,巨桉在我国的适生范围大致始于温州,沿海岸与南岭平行至黔桂边界,向南经雷州半岛至海南岛东南,以及川、滇境内的一些不连续地区。     

迎面火与主地表火相互作用的实验研究

为了研究地表火卷吸作用的范围和迎面火与主火相互作用的机理 ,在大空间室内实验室进行了实验研究 .在该实验室实验可以避免环境风和环境温度变化的影响 .研究结果表明 :(1)在火头前方有明显的逆风区存在 .在逆风区下部的逆风风速要比上部的大 ,而且当高度达到某一数值时 ,逆风就不明显了 ;(2 )迎面火与主火之间即使相距较远也存在相互作用 .当它们相互接近到一定程度时 ,彼此相互吸引 .这使得火的蔓延速度显著升高 .对于火线火强度为 16 0kW·m-1地表火来说 ,蔓延速度增加2 7% .     

Evaluation of Populus deltoides clones under nursery,field and agrisilviculture system in subhumid tropics of Central India

Populus deltoides Bartr., a native of North America, is generally grown in India above latitude 28 °N. One hundred and six clones were evaluated for four years at Raipur situated at 21°12N latitude and 81°36E longitude. These were grown on vertisol soil. Based on growth and survival performance in the nursery for two successive years, nineteen clones were selected for field evaluation. The best five clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) were planted in an agrisilviculture system at a spacing of 4 × 4 m with soybean grown as an intercrop. After 4 years these clones had an increment of DBH by 66.5 to 77.5% and of height by 42.2 to 78.6% within one year when compared to that observed at 3 years of age. In rank order of growth the best five clones were 65/27 > G3 > D121 > G48 > S7C1. Total biomass varied between 20.9 to 35.8 Mg ha^–1 in different clones. Among the tree components, stemwood accounted for 52–61% of the total biomass, followed by branches (20–25%), bark (9–13%) and leaves (7–10%). No significant variation between net primary productivity and photosynthetic efficiency was found in different clones. Soybean productivity decreased as the trees aged, reaching 40.5 to 58.1% in 4-year-old trees.     

我国杨树与溃疡病菌互作的病理学研究

杨树溃疡病是我国杨树人工林重大的生物灾害，危害越来越严重，本文从植物组织病理学、生理病理学和病理化学的角度深入系统地总结和评述了我国在杨树与溃疡病菌互作研究中所取得的进展和存在的问题，最后就该病害的未来的研究方向和研究内容作了展望。     

我国湿地松抗松针褐斑病研究进展

湿地松松针褐斑病是我国南方松树上的重要病害，本文综合概述了我国自８０年初开始的湿地松抗松针褐斑病的研究，重点介绍了湿地松松针褐斑病的抗病选择和抗病机制的研究进展，并对这些研究作了分析评述，１２２株抗病单株已被收集，４ｈｍ＾２抗病湿地松种子园已在省建立，松针褐斑病的抗病机制也作了初步分析。     

Soil properties under a Pinus radiata – ryegrass silvopastoral system in New Zealand. Part II. C and N of soil microbial biomass, and soil N dynamics

At present, our understanding of the dynamics of microbial biomass and soil N in silvopastoral systems is very limited. In this paper, the effects of understorey management on soil microbial C and N, net N mineralization, and net nitrification were studied in two seven-year-old radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) – pasture systems, consisting of plots with and without ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as an understorey. Mini-plots (1 × 1 m) with animals excluded and herbage repeatedly clipped and removed were used for soil sampling. Three mini-plots formed a transect at each of two positions: 0.9 and 3.5 m north of the tree rows. Measurements were taken from July 1997 to June 1998 about once every 40 days. One composite sample was collected from each of two sampling depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) at each transect position on each sampling date. Temporal and spatial variability of N mineralization rates and microbial biomass C and N was large. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the bare ground than in the ryegrass plots for a major part of the year, particularly from late spring to early fall. Net N mineralization and nitrification rates were higher in the 0–10 than in the 10–20 cm soil layers in both the ryegrass and bare ground treatments; however, the depth effect on microbial biomass C and N was only significant in the ryegrass treatment. In the surface soil layer, microbial biomass C and N were substantially greater in the ryegrass than in the bare ground plots. Soil microbial properties and activities were closely linked to pasture root activities, soil depth, and site biophysical conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.