Gene Tagging by Activating DNA Transposon nDart in lndica Rice

As International Rice Genome sequencing Project （2005） demonstrated, the rice genome contains various transposons and about 13% of the genome is occupied by DNA transposons. So far, only a few DNA transposons have been reported to be actively transposed. Since transposons are important for gene-functional analysis, it is necessary to explore active transposon source. We identified an active nonautonomous DNA transposon, nDart1-0, belonging to the hAT superfamily in a spontaneous mutable virescent, pyl-v plant. Blast searches in the available databases revealed that Nipponbare and 93-11 carries 13 and 7 nDart1 homologues, respectively, nDart1-0 was found to be transposed most frequently among these homologues. Furthermore, nDart1-0 carries a specific basesubstitution at position 173, and this sequence alteration generates nDart1-0-specific restriction enzyme cleavage site. So, we developed an nDart1-0-specific detection system using iPCR （nl-0SPiPCR）, which should be useful for our nDart1-0-specific tagging system. Since we could not find either any active nDarts or active autonomous element Darts in indica varieties, we tried to introduce japonica-derived nDart1-0 and aDart into indica variety Kasalath by backcrossing. In BC2F2, a mutable chlorophyll mutant was newly generated. Through genetic analysis,     

草鱼全基因组微卫星特征分析与亲子鉴定

为分析草鱼全基因组微卫星特征并开发高多态性微卫星标记亲子鉴定平台,实验利用已发布的草鱼全基因组序列,开发高度多态、准确度高、重复单元在4～6碱基范围的微卫星标记.结果显示,在草鱼900.51 Mb基因组序列中共筛选到微卫星序列677363个,总长度12 835 407 bp,占全基因组长度的1.4254％,平均跨度为1...     

Estimates of autozygosity derived from runs of homozygosity: empirical evidence from selected cattle populations

Using genome‐wide SNP data, we calculated genomic inbreeding coefficients (F_ROH > _1 Mb, F_{ROH > 2 Mb}, F_{ROH > 8 Mb} and F_{ROH > 16 Mb}) derived from runs of homozygosity (ROH) of different lengths (>1, >2, >8 and > 16 Mb) as well as from levels of homozygosity (F_HOM). We compared these values of inbreeding coefficients with those calculated from pedigrees (F_PED) of 1422 bulls comprising Brown Swiss (304), Fleckvieh (502), Norwegian Red (499) and Tyrol Grey (117) cattle breeds. For all four breeds, population inbreeding levels estimated by the genomic inbreeding coefficients F_{ROH > 8 Mb} and F_{ROH > 16 Mb} were similar to the levels estimated from pedigrees. The lowest values were obtained for Fleckvieh (F_PED = 0.014, F_{ROH > 8 Mb} = 0.019 and F_{ROH > 16 Mb} = 0.008); the highest, for Brown Swiss (F_PED = 0.048, F_{ROH > 8 Mb} = 0.074 and F_{ROH > 16 Mb} = 0.037). In contrast, inbreeding estimates based on the genomic coefficients F_{ROH > 1 Mb} and F_{ROH > 2 Mb} were considerably higher than pedigree‐derived estimates. Standard deviations of genomic inbreeding coefficients were, on average, 1.3–1.7‐fold higher than those obtained from pedigrees. Pearson correlations between genomic and pedigree inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.62 in Norwegian Red (lowest correlations) and from 0.64 to 0.72 in Tyrol Grey (highest correlations). We conclude that the proportion of the genome present in ROH provides a good indication of inbreeding levels and that analysis based on ROH length can indicate the relative amounts of autozygosity due to recent and remote ancestors.     

多倍体在植物进化中的意义

几乎所有的开花作物都为多倍体植物,其基因组至少经历1次以上的全基因组加倍事件.随着测序技术的不断革新,人们对作物的基因组以及基因组的演化历史有了全新认识.分析了全基因组加倍在物种进化中的意义:多倍化改变基因组结构,丰富物种的遗传多样性,改变重复基因表达模式,增强物种的适应性,并展望多倍化在作物遗传育种中的应用.     

甘蔗叶绿体基因组研究进展（英文）

随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,目前已经完成了多种植物叶绿体基因组的全序列测定,并研究了这些基因的结构、功能与表达。大部分高等植物的叶绿体基因组结构稳定,基因数量、排列顺序及组成上具有保守性。甘蔗叶绿体基因组测序工作的完成为甘蔗叶绿体相关研究奠定了良好基础。文章从甘蔗叶绿体基因组图谱、结构和功能基因、叶绿体RNA编辑以及甘蔗属叶绿体系统进化等方面综合概述了甘蔗叶绿体基因组研究取得的成果,并从甘蔗叶绿体遗传转化、甘蔗及近缘属叶绿体基因组测序和叶绿体基因组cpSSRs开发利用等方面指出甘蔗叶绿体基因组今后的研究方向。     

双峰驼遗传多样性研究进展

综述了国内外近40年双峰驼在染色体核型、血液蛋白多态、基因组DNA和线粒体DNA遗传多样性上的研究进展.染色体核型、血液蛋白多态分析表明,双峰驼的遗传多样性有限,微卫星和线粒体DNA的RFLP分析表明双峰驼具有较丰富的遗传多样性,基于线粒体DNA全序列的骆驼科动物遗传进化分析有助于理解骆驼科动物进化历史.由于研究滞后,目前还未有关于双峰驼群体线粒体DNA序列的遗传多样性分析.     

J亚群与E亚群禽白血病自然重组病毒的全基因组序列分析

为了解我国东北地区部分养鸡场禽白血病病毒(ALV)的基因组序列特征及其变异情况,本研究从具有典型血管瘤病变的禽白血病发病鸡中分离到一株J亚群ALV(ALV-J)命名为JL0901,并进行了全基因测序.将该序列与已发表的ALV-J毒株序列进行比较研究,结果表明JL0901基因组的gag和pol基因相对保守,而env基因和3'端非编码区(3'UTR)的变异较大.对JL0901的env基因核苷酸序列进一步分析发现,在其gp85基因和gp37基因交界位置发生J亚群和E亚群ALV重组现象.本研究证实国内鸡群中存在J亚群和其他亚群ALV的自然重组现象,并表明国内ALV已出现新的变异趋势.     

基因组重排在产纤维素酶木霉改造中的应用

[目的]探讨基因组重排技术在提高木霉纤维素酶活力育种的应用可行性。[方法]利用基因组重排的方法,对一株产纤维素酶的木霉进行改造,并对改造后菌株的纤维素酶活力进行测定和比较。[结果]数据表明诱变育种后纤维素酶活力是野生型菌株的1.17倍;第一轮基因组重排后融合子的平均纤维素酶活力是野生型菌株的1.82倍;第二轮重排后融合子的平均纤维素酶活力是野生型菌株的3.27倍。[结论]该研究表明,基因组重排可以在较短时间内实现微生物某些特性的大幅度提高。     

叶绿体基因组微卫星标记(cpSSR)研究进展

随着测序技术的发展,叶绿体基因组微卫星标记(cpSSRs)的开发和应用越来越普遍。该研究介绍了叶绿体基因组分子标记的特点、用途、开发方法以及已开发的cpSSRs所具有的特点。随着cpSSRs开发成本的降低及研究技术的成熟,新的cpSSRs不断开发,将会有越来越多的叶绿体基因组SSR分子标记应用于群体遗传学、生物地理学和杂交育种的研究。其在野生植物进化过程研究中所具备的潜力在不久的将来将被充分认识和利用。