水化学分析方法在水电工程勘探中

水电工程有限的勘察及水文地质钻探仅能获取少量水文地质信息，而在工程勘察特别是平硐中，易取得出水点的水样，通过水化学分析可以获得更多的水文地质资料。通过对四川省自一里水电站平硐出水点水化学样的系列采集和测试，运用水化学成分离子比例分析法、灰色关联分析法和D、18O同位素分析等多种方法提取了平硐区水文地质信息，分析了山区平硐裂隙水的来源、补给高度及岩层渗透性等水文地质特征，探讨了水化学分析方法在分析水电工程水文地质条件中的应用。     

渠道密度与渠系水利用系数关系研

为了研究灌区渠道密度与渠系水利用系数之间的关系，首先从分析渠道水的渗漏情况入手,分析了渠系水利用系数与渗漏之间的关系,建立了在相同衬砌条件下渠道密度与渠系水利用系数之间的数学关系。然后提出有关渠道密度概念，这一概念的提出有利于灌区渠道分布合理性的进一步评价。渠道密度与渠系水利用系数两者之间关系式的确立，有助于从理论上评价渠道分布对渠系水利用系数的影响。     

耕作层土壤在动载作用下的力学特性

利用日本产ＤＴＣ－３０６土壤动态三轴仪对东北地区黑壤土在不同围压和加载速率情况下，测得一组主应力差σ１－σ３与轴向应变ε的关系曲线，并利用所测的曲线对准静态情况下被广泛用于土壤与机具相互作用的有限元分析的Ｄｕｎｃａｎ－Ｃｈａｎｇ双曲线模型进行修正，得出了考虑加载速率影响的修正Ｄｕｎｃａｎ－Ｃｈａｎｇ模型。     

Phosphorus Response and Fertilizer Recommendations for Wheat Grown on Nitisols in the Central Ethiopian Highlands

The provision of farmers with proper and balanced fertilizer recommendations is becoming increasingly important, for reasons of crop productivity, food security, and sustainability. Phosphorus (P) response trials with wheat were conducted on Nitisols at 14 sites in the central Ethiopian highlands during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. The treatments, comprising six levels of P fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg P ha^?1), were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Based on a yield difference between the control and the P treatments, 90% of sites responded to P fertilizer. Application of P fertilizer increased wheat grain yield, up to 30% more than the control. Extractable soil P concentrations (Bray 2, 0–15 cm deep) 3 weeks after planting significantly responded to P fertilizer rate. The critical P concentration (for 90% relative yield) was 13.5 mg kg^?1. Most sites tested had Bray 2 P values <10 mg kg^?1. In the absence of a soil test, a recommendation of 40 kg P ha^?1, resulting in the best response overall, could be made for the first year of application. We also recommend that to prevent a potential loss of wheat yield, a maintenance application of at least 5–12 kg P ha^?1 be applied every year, irrespective of the calculated recommended rate, in order to replace P exported from the field in produce. Further field trials are required to determine interactions between P response and the effects of climate, soil properties, and other management practices.     

Correlation of Soil pH and Mehlich‐3 Phosphorus with Postflood Rice Phosphorus Concentrations in Arkansas

Abstract

Plant‐available phosphorus (P) measured by routine soil‐test methods is poorly correlated with rice grain yield in Arkansas. Our objective was to determine whether soil water pH (pH_w) and Mehlich‐3 P were correlated with growth and yield of rice grown on silt loam soils. Data from 35 field studies were used to correlate Mehlich‐3 P and pH_w with relative yield, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration at the midtillering stage. Significant linear or nonlinear relationships between pH_w or Mehlich‐3 P with rice growth parameters were delineated but explained less than 27% of the variability in dry matter and P concentrations at the midtillering stage and grain yield at maturity. Mehlich‐3 P and pH_w together explained 61% of the variability in midtillering P concentrations. Midtillering whole‐plant P concentrations were positively related to relative grain yield and dry matter production and will be used to identify soils with limited P availability for rice in Arkansas.     

不同氮磷配比对旱作土壤养分和油葵产量的影响

采用调查分析、田间试验等方法,研究了旱作土壤条件下油用向日葵氮磷肥的吸肥特性和对氮磷肥的吸收规律。结果表明:不同厚度(0～20cm)和(20～40cm)的土壤对养分的吸收呈现动态的变化特点,施氮270.0kg/hm2时吸收氮素分别为47.5和35.7mg/kg,相差24.8%;油葵产量为2 604.0kg/hm2,施磷100.05kg/hm2时吸收磷素分别为28.4和21.5mg/kg,相差24.2%,油葵产量为3 199.5kg/hm2。     

Effect of zinc levels on phosphorous and zinc content in sand‐cultured soybeans

Soybeans (Glvcine max L.) cv. “Clark”; were grown in the greenhouse in sand‐filled plastic pots sub‐irrigated with Hoagland No. 1 solution to determine the possible inhibitory effects of Zn on the uptake of P. Zinc rates used were 0.05 (control), 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 ppm. Yields equalled the control at Zn levels of 0.25 and 0.5 ppm, but plants grown in solutions containing 2.5 ppm Zn were stunted severely. Foliar Zn and P levels differed very little among Zn treatments. Zinc levels were highest and P levels were lowest, however, in the roots and stems of soybeans grown in solutions of 2.5 ppm Zn. Zinc and P uptake was significantly inhibited in the leaves, stems and roots of plants grown at the highest Zn rate. The recycling of wastes containing high Zn content could adversely affect plant growth by a suspected antagonism with P.     

大豆黄酮对伊莎鸡卵泡发育及其P450arom基因表达的影响

实验探讨了大豆黄酮(DAI)对伊莎鸡卵泡发育及其芳香化酶(P450arom)mRNA表达的影响。实验选取16只产蛋后期伊莎鸡,等分为对照组和DAI处理组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组在基础日粮中添加10 mg/kgDAI。实验持续7周后,分离排卵前卵泡(F1、F2、F3……)的颗粒层及小黄卵泡和大白卵泡,通过RT-PCR法检测P450arom mRNA表达的相对丰度。结果表明:DAI明显提高了伊莎鸡小黄卵泡和大白卵泡的数量,P450arommRNA在伊莎鸡不同发育阶段卵泡中的表达存在差异,部分卵泡P450arom mRNA表达的相对丰度显著增加。因此,在产蛋后期伊莎鸡基础日粮中添加DAI可增加不同发育阶段卵泡的数目,上调部分卵泡中与发育相关的基因表达以促进卵泡发育。     

华北落叶松和白杆幼苗脯氨酸及淀粉含量对水分和光照变化的响应

以2年生华北落叶松和白杆幼苗为研究对象，通过人工控制条件下的幼苗栽培试验，测定不同光照、水分条件下脯氨酸含量、淀粉含量的变化，综合比较分析了华北落叶松和白析苗期生长对光照和水分变化的生理响应。研究结果表明：随着土壤水分的减少，华北落叶松和白不工幼苗脯氨酸含量增高，淀粉含量下降，且华北落叶松的变化都高于白杆，华北落叶松幼苗比白析幼苗对土壤水分胁迫的响应能力更强；随着光照的增强，也有相同的表现。光照和水分条件的变化对华北落叶松和白析幼苗脯氨酸和淀粉含量的影响具有叠加作用，2个树种对水分胁迫和强光照的响应机制一致，但树种间响应强度不同，华北落叶松的响应能力更强，华北落叶松具有比白术千更大的抗干旱胁迫的生理基础。     

动探与承载力关系的研究

通过对动力触探试验与载荷试验的对比,绘制P-S曲线,保留曲线变化均匀,拐点相对明显的数据保留;剔除不理想的试验数据,进行动力触探试验和载荷试验对比分析,总结动力触探与地层承载力关系的规律。