新疆节水灌区农田排水措施分析

随着膜下滴灌技术在新疆的大力推广应用,灌排模式发生了改变,从而导致了新的土壤次生盐渍化问题。在阐述新疆3种排水措施——明沟排水、暗管排水和竖井排灌发展的基础上,分析了目前新疆节水灌区农田排水措施存在的问题,结合南疆某一节水灌区灌排试验,分析了排水措施对土壤盐分及地下水位、矿化度的影响,为当地灌排模式提出合理化建议,且为减轻节水灌区的土壤盐渍化提供参考借鉴。     

食品加工工艺的安全防火措施

随着我国食品加工行业的迅猛发展,食品加工工艺的机械化程度大大提高,用火用电危险品日益增多,容易发生火灾,存在一定的安全隐患,食品加工负责人必须加强火灾防范意识,防止和减少因火灾造成的经济损失和人身安全事故的发生。     

农业机械化的进程与发展措施

文章通过论述我国农机工业的发展进程,及今后农机工业的发展措施,全面阐述我国全面建设小康社会,关键在农村,重点在农民,难点在农业,而农业的根本出路在于机械化,农业机械化是现代农业的重要组成部分,也是农业现代化的重要标志。     

不同改良措施对退化高寒草甸土壤种子库的影响

利用萌发法研究了甘南退化高寒草甸不同改良措施(经综合恢复即围封+划破草皮+补播+灭鼠(ESRD)、围封+灭鼠(ED)、围封(E))下土壤种子库的特征。结果表明,在所调查的样地中共统计到35种植物,隶属18科29属。对甘南退化高寒草甸采取综合恢复(ESRD)时,土壤种子库物种数趋于增加,比ED高出16.9%,比E高出63.9%。ESRD措施下土壤种子库密度为2451.5粒/m2,比ED高出354.8粒/m2,比E高出957.1粒/m2;杂类草所占的比例也有所减少,比ED低19.3%,比E低26.2%;物种的丰富度和多样性指数均低于其他两种措施。3组改良措施鼠丘种子库密度依次为ESRD(938.1粒/m2)ED(762.8粒/m2)E(719.1粒/m2);鼠丘上禾本科物种所占比率为综合恢复ESRD(23.26%)ED(12.31%)E(11.92%)。ESRD改良下鼠丘上的物种的丰富度和多样性指数均小于其他组。说明对退化高寒草甸草地及时进行综合恢复和灭鼠以及对鼠丘进行补播是改良天然退化草地的重要手段。     

Assessment of the hip reduction angle for predicting osteoarthritis of the hip in the Labrador Retriever

Hip palpation has been used to provide semiquantitative information regarding passive joint laxity and susceptibility to hip dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to: (1) evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the hip reduction angle measured at 4 months of age by three examiners using manual goniometry and an electromagnetic tracking system; (2) compare the hip reduction angle measured with manual goniometry to the hip reduction angle measured with the electromagnetic tracking system; and (3) evaluate the hip reduction angle, distraction index and Ortolani manoeuvre at 4 months of age as predictors of the development of hip osteoarthritis at 12 months of age in 11 Labrador Retriever dogs. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability was demonstrated for both the manual and electromagnetic goniometric measurement of the hip reduction angle (coefficient of variation < 4.3% and < 6.1%; and P = 0.163 and P = 0.836 respectively). The hip reduction angle measured by manual goniometry was moderately correlated to the hip reduction angle measured by the electromagnetic tracking system (r = 0.603, P < 0.0000). The hip reduction angle measured by manual and electromagnetic goniometry was a poor predictor of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age (r = 0.231, P < 0.062, and r = 0.321, P < 0.01). The distraction index was moderately correlated with the development of osteoarthritis by 12 months of age (r = 0.493, P < 0.0000). The Ortolani sign was sensitive (100%) but not specific (41%) for the development of osteoarthritis at 12 months of age. The hip reduction angle did not further quantify the Ortolani manoeuvre as a predictor of osteoarthritis in Labrador Retrievers.     

中国草地固碳减排研究现状及其建议

随着经济的快速发展,温室气体的排放量不断增加,加之人类对自然资源的利用强度逐渐增加,导致全球生态系统的固碳能力减弱,大气中的温室气体浓度达到新高,所造成的温室效应已经成为国际社会普遍关注的重大全球性问题。中国草地碳汇资源得天独厚,发展草原碳汇经济成为履行国际承诺、打造碳汇新经济、建设美丽中国的重要载体。综述中国草地固碳减排现状及其影响因素,包括草地碳汇和家畜生产减排研究、气候变化背景下的草地碳汇、人工草地建设等方面,并提出中国草地固碳减排发展建议,以期为中国实现碳达峰、碳中和及草地固碳减排的贡献提供理论基础,为推动我国社会高质量发展、创造高品质生活提供坚实的技术支撑。     

施肥对不同品种麦田CO2通量的影响

为探讨施肥对小麦田间CO2释放量的影响,本研究设计以4个不同施肥水平为主处理,以3个不同年代的主栽品种碧玛1号、烟农15号、山农11号为研究对象,采用封闭式静态暗箱技术,应用LI-6400型便携式光合仪(美国)在作物生长期测定土壤CO2释放量和光合速率。同时测定了环境影响因素土壤温度和水分等。研究结果表明,施肥有利于增加土壤CO2释放量,且中氮处理水平释放量最多;土壤温度和水分对土壤CO2释放量有一定的影响,土温越高,水分越大,CO2释放越多;麦田CO2交换量与小麦根系活性呈正相关。     

果蔬产品变色原因分析及其控制

分析了果蔬产品在加工贮存中变色的原因,综述了目前生产中常用的行之有效的护色措施,包括生物、化学和物理等方面的处理方法。     

Reference Efficiency of Planetary Gear Train

Reference efficiency of a pair of gear drive without planetary motion is the base to calculate efficiency of the whole planetary gear train. The authors find reference efficiency for speed increase is higher than that of the same drive used for speed reduction. This is different from the earlier viewpoint. New equations are derived for correctly calculating the reference efficiency of spur gear and helical gear with internal conjugate and external conjugate either in the state of speed increase or speed reduction respectively. The equations are also used to calculate efficiency of 2K-H planetary gear train.