不同水分处理对小麦氮素和干物质积累与分配的影响

为明确同一肥料水平下不同水分处理对小麦氮素和干物质积累与分配的影响,于2018-2019年在防雨棚条件下,以石麦26、藁优2018和冀麦418为材料,采用随机区组试验,设置不灌水（W1,0 mm）、起身水（W2,60 mm）、拔节水（W3,60 mm）、开花水（W4,60 mm）、起身水+开花水（W5,60 mm+60 mm）、拔节水+开花水（W6,60 mm+60 mm）共6个水分处理,分析了不同水分处理下小麦干物质和氮素积累与分配的特点。结果表明,小麦干物质积累量随灌水量的增加而增加。随着生育进程的推进,干物质积累量呈上升趋势,成熟期达到最大值;起身水显著增加拔节期干物重,开花期和成熟期不同处理间干物质积累量差异显著,成熟期W1处理下干物质积累量最小。开花后干物质积累对籽粒的贡献率因品种而异,冀麦418在W6处理下氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率最高。W5和W6处理显著增加小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收效率和氮肥生产效率,说明在小麦营养生长阶段水分正常供应的前提下开花期水分对小麦氮素吸收和向籽粒转运影响较大。W6处理为本试验条件下最佳的灌水处理。     

不同药剂处理对库尔勒香梨枝条抗冻性的影响

以库尔勒香梨为试验材料,秋季落叶前2周进行水杨酸（SA）0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L,腐胺（Put）1.0,5.0,10.0 mmol/L,亚精胺（Spd）0.5,1.0,2.0 mmol/L等3个药剂、9个不同处理,取样后在人工低温处理条件下分析库尔勒香梨的抗冻性。试验结果表明,相对电导率、脯氨酸、MDA、SOD的累积贡献率达到94.1%,可作为库尔勒香梨主要的抗寒性鉴定指标,其中,相对电导率贡献率为71.6%,可单独作为库尔勒香梨抗寒性的鉴定指标。3种药剂处理后枝条的抗冻强弱顺序为1.0 mmol/L SA〉2.0 mmol/L SA〉5.0 mmol/L Put〉1.0 mmol/L Spd〉0.5 mmol/L Spd〉对照。在生产实践中,可根据实际情况于果实采收后喷施浓度1.0-2.0 mmol/L的水杨酸,以提高库尔勒香梨在越冬期的抗冻性。     

微生物有机肥对芋头产量品质性状及土壤微生物类群的影响

微生物有机肥在作物提质增效中逐渐引起重视,了解微生物有机肥对芋头的抗性和产量品质的影响,可对微生物有机肥应用在芋头生产上提供科学依据。本试验以炭步槟榔香芋为材料,通过施加微生物有机肥和复合肥,设计4种不同施肥模式,测定了芋头的产量、营养品质指标以及抗氧化活性指标,并深入探究了土壤微生物菌群的分布及代谢调控的变化特征。结果表明：相对于传统的发酵腐熟花生麸作基肥的施肥方式(CK),微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施75 kg/hm²硫酸钾肥(T1)能提高芋头的Vc、总酚、总黄酮、直链淀粉和粗纤维等营养成分的含量,增加了芋头的磷含量。微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施150 kg/hm²硫酸钾肥(T3)具有最高的产量、Vc、总酚、直链淀粉、粗纤维和全钾含量。微生物有机肥作为基肥配合追施112.5 kg/hm²硫酸钾肥(T2)的全氮和全磷含量最高,同时SOD、CAT活性和MDA的含量也最高。此外,微生物有机肥处理可有效增加土壤中魏氏杆菌、芽孢杆菌和念珠菌嗜酸杆菌的丰度,促进核苷酸代谢、DNA重组、复制和修复效率,提高蛋白翻译效率,进而有利于...     

花椒种子贮藏方式及处理技术研究

2003～2009年以峨山县大龙潭乡花椒品种＂麻到底＂的种子为试材,研究了贮藏方式对花椒种子寿命的影响,以及不同处理方法对花椒种子萌发和成苗的影响。结果表明：自然风干贮藏的花椒种子发芽率一直呈快速下降趋势,贮藏8个月后发芽率降为0;而湿沙贮藏的种子贮藏到第7个月时发芽率达最高,之后种子发芽率快速下降。花椒种子经过去油脂、酸蚀种壳和赤霉素浸种催芽后,可大幅度提高种子的发芽率。其中,以碱水去油脂＋500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽和浓硫酸浸种5～10 min＋500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽较有利于花椒种子的萌发,能将种子的发芽率提高到56.78%～72.35%;用碱水去油脂＋250 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽、浓硫酸浸种5 min＋500 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽、浓硫酸浸种10 min＋250 mg/L赤霉素浸种催芽较有利于花椒种子的成苗,但成苗率与发芽率峰值存在较大的偏差。较高浓度赤霉素催芽时发芽率高,但不及较低浓度催芽的成苗率高。     

Effects of silvicultural treatments and seasonal patterns on foliar nutrients in young post-fire Pinus halepensis forest stands

Tree growth and health status appear to be related to foliar nutrient contents. Foliar nutrient concentration might be the result of a complex interaction between soil nutrients and effective availability caused by climate, water and other site and treatment effects. This study examines foliar macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and organic C concentrations in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) needles (between 5 and 18 months old), as well as time course variability (nine dates, from July 1999 to November 2001). Variability was assessed depending on quality site (two sites, Yeste and Calasparra; SE Spain) and seven silvicultural treatments including thinning, scrubbing, pruning and particular combinations of them. Foliar macronutrient concentrations for Aleppo pine in South-eastern Spain were slightly lower (N, P, K,) or higher (Mg, Ca) than the considered as adequate ranges for Aleppo pine and Pinus genera. However, our results agree well with other normal ranges reported for Aleppo pine in Spain and for other North American Pinus species such as P. elliottii, P. taeda and P. palustris. Site, treatment and date (season) affected significantly the foliar macronutrient and C concentration, although the most important was the date, likely due to the two growth periods per year that Aleppo pine has in Mediterranean sites. Silvicultural treatments affected foliar nutrient concentration, so that the concentrations of N, P and K were higher when treatments included thinning than those that did not. The contrary was true for Mg and Ca. However, treatments did not affect the time course of the concentration, i.e., seasonality was not broken due to treatments. Moreover, the effect of the treatments was markedly high along the first year after they were applied but the differences were attenuate 2 years later. Site affected the time course of N, K, Mg and C in a different way: while for N, K and C, at the end of study period, they were higher in Calasparra than in Yeste, for Mg the contrary was true. Nutrient ratios had a different behaviour regarding to single nutrient: although date was significant, we did not appreciate seasonality. In addition, some nutrient ratios were not affected by treatments (N/P, N/K, Ca/Mg,) or by site (N/Ca, K/Ca). Average foliar N concentration and Ca/Mg ratio explained significantly the mean diameter and height growth, so that higher is the foliar N concentration and lower is Ca/Mg, higher is the growth.     

Predispersal seed predation in Acacia macrostachya,its impact on seed viability,and germination responses to scarification and dry heat treatments

Predispersal seed predation among individual Acacia macrostachya trees over two sites in Burkina Faso was assessed. In addition, the effects of seed predation on seed viability; germination responses to scarification (mechanical, hot water at 60, 70 and 80°C, and sulphuric acid for 10, 20 and 30 min) and dry heat (at 60, 70 and 80°C for 15, 30 and 60 min each) treatments were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicated a large difference in predation intensity among individual trees, as well as between sites. Predispersal predation significantly decreased seed germination, particularly when the number of insect larvae per seed increased. Scarified and unscarified seeds germinated equally well, except for hot water treatments of high temperature. This indicates lack of physical dormancy and dispersed seeds can readily germinate provided that conditions for germination are conducive. Seeds exposed to dry heat treatments also germinated close to 97% under low intensity and short exposure times. This suggests that fire, under natural condition, plays a key role in triggering germination of A. macrostachya seeds.     

不同奶牛精子稀释液配方比较研究

牛的冻精稀释液是精液冷冻保存和人工授精最关键的环节。本文进行了两个方面的试验研究,一是把各个地区生产实践中应用的不同冷冻稀释液配方,进行综合筛选和比较;二是对没有条件冷冻精子的养殖场进行精子保鲜的稀释液配方进行综合筛选和比较。结果显示,当冷冻保存精液时,选择配方2为最佳配方;常温保存时选择配方2、3、4均可。     

Nematode control in suckler beef cattle over their first two grazing seasons using a targeted selective treatment approach

Background

With concerns over the development of anthelmintic resistance in cattle nematode populations, we must re-examine our approach to nematode control in cattle. Targeted selective treatments (TST), whereby individual animals are treated instead of entire groups, are being investigated as an alternative. The study objective was to determine if anthelmintic usage could be reduced using a TST-based approach to nematode control in spring-born suckler beef cattle over their first and second grazing seasons (SGS) without affecting performance. In the first grazing season (FGS), 99 calves with an initial mean (s.d.) calf age and live weight on day 0 (June 28^th 2012) of 107 (23.1) days and 160 (32.5) kg, respectively, were used. The study commenced on day 0 when calves were randomised and allocated to one of two treatments; 1), standard treatment (control) and 2), TST. Control calves were treated subcutaneously with ivermectin on days 0, 41 and 82 in the FGS. All calves were treated with ivermectin on day 124 and housed on day 133. In the SGS, only heifer calves from the FGS were used and control heifers were treated with ivermectin on day 393. Animals were weighed, blood and faecal sampled every three weeks. The TST animals were treated with ivermectin if thresholds based on a combination of plasma pepsinogen concentrations, faecal egg count and/or the presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in faeces (FGS only) were reached.

Results

No TST calves reached the treatment threshold criteria in the FGS. The FGS average daily live weight gain (ADG ± s.e.m.) for control and TST group calves was 0.89 ± 0.02 kg and 0.94 ± 0.02 kg day⁻¹, respectively (P = 0.17). In the SGS, all heifers were treated with ivermectin on day 431 due to clinical signs of respiratory disease. The ADG for control and TST heifers from turnout on day 321 to day 431 was 0.90 ± 0.04 and 0.80 ± 0.04 kg day⁻¹, respectively (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Spring-born FGS suckler beef calves require minimal anthelmintic treatment to maintain performance. In contrast, clinical parasitic disease may develop in the SGS unless appropriate anthelmintic treatment is provided.     

生长期内三种结缕草对盐胁迫的响应

试验以大穗结缕草、沟叶结缕草和日本结缕草为试材,研究了不同盐浓度(0,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%)对生长期内3种结缕草叶片膜脂过氧化及生长的影响。结果表明,3种结缕草的生物量均随着盐浓度的增加逐渐减小;随着盐浓度的提高及处理时间的延长,3种结缕草的可溶性蛋白含量逐渐降低;相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加,在低盐浓度(0.2%~0.4%)下,两者增加幅度较小,当盐浓度为0.8%时,3种结缕草的相对电导率均达最大值,分别是38.71%,41.32%,40.97%,可溶性蛋白含量均达到最小值,分别为2.08,1.15和1.33 mg/g FW。Pro含量在处理后第10天达最大值,之后逐渐下降,后期变化比较平稳。在低盐浓度(0.2%~0.4%)下,CAT和SOD活性逐渐降低,而高盐浓度(0.6%~0.8%)下,两种酶活性呈上升-下降-上升的趋势。3种结缕草相比,大穗结缕草在高盐浓度胁迫下的相对电导率和丙二醛含量最低,而保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量最高。试验证明大穗结缕草抗盐能力最强,沟叶结缕草次之,日本结缕草较差。