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排序方式: 共有196条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
通过室内培养试验比较了不同脲酶抑制剂NBPT[N—(n—butyl)thiophosphorictriamide]。PPD[Phenylphosphorodiamidate]、DAPB[N—(Diaminophosphinge bengamide]、AHA[Acetohydroxamic acid]在淹水土壤条件下使用不同用量(1%、2%、5%、10%)抑制尿素水解的能力,同时研究了NBPT不同施用方法以及通氧和采用双氧水预处理对抑制效果的影响。 试验结果表明:淹水条件下在脲酶活性强的土壤中以PPD抑制效果较好,但抑制持续时间不长(2~4天),且不同浓度间差异大,其它抑制剂均只显微弱抑制效果,即使采用高浓度;在脲酶活性弱的土壤中,培养6天后,NBPT有超过PPD的趋势,显示出较持久的抑制功能,不同浓度间差异较小。 NBPT和PPD按相同浓度混合后施用比单独施用在供试的三种土壤上均有一定的增效作用,脲酶活性强的土壤更为明显,当浓度超过2%时,浓度间差异减少。NBPT在尿素施前3天施用,也有增强抑制效果的功能,可延长抑制时间1~2天。NBPT和尿素同施后,向淹水土壤通氧以及在NBPT施用前采用强氧化剂双氧水预氧化都能明显地增强抑制效果,延长抑制时间。表明NBPT要有效地抑制脲酶活性,必须在有氧的环境下先转化成含带氧基团的形态,此为NBPT在通气湿润土壤条件下抑制效果好,在淹水条件下抑制效果差的原因。 相似文献
12.
Summary Thiophosphoryl triamide inhibits soil urease activity when added to soil and is under consideration as a fertilizer amendment for retarding hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease. Work reported showed that this compound is a poor inhibitor of jackbean urease and that its ability to retard soil urease activity is due to its decomposition in soil with formation of phosphoryl triamide, which is a potent inhibitor of urease activity. This conclusion was supported by studies showing a close relationship between the peak area of the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal from phosphoryl triamide in thiophosphoryl triamide solutions that had been incubated with soil for various times and the ability of these solutions to inhibit jackbean urease activity. 相似文献
13.
汞镉对游离和固定化脲酶活性的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
通过对脲酶与汞镉间关系的研究 ,结果表明 :不同状态 (溶液态、粘粒态和土壤态 )脲酶对汞、镉的反应表现出类似的规律性变化 ,即汞、镉抑制脲酶活性 ,其中汞镉复合污染的影响幅度最大 ,汞的生态毒性最强 ;相关分析显示脲酶活性均可表征样品汞、汞镉污染的程度 ;在汞、镉共存条件下 ,脲酶活性不仅受到汞、镉单因素 ,而且受到它们间交互作用的影响 ,但仍以单独抑制为主 ;由于不同状态脲酶载体的差别 ,导致受影响幅度有较大差异 ,其主要取决于载体对脲酶保护作用和重金属缓冲作用的大小 ,溶液态脲酶无载体 ,而粘粒态和土壤态则相反 ,故溶液态脲酶更易受到重金属的破坏 ,酶的反应也较敏感。温度和尿素浓度均增强了汞镉的抑制作用 相似文献
14.
15.
Summary Since urease activity in soil is believed to be relatively constant, the present study was designed to examine the effects of incubation, soil depth and the effect of cultivation on the persistence of urease activity in arid soils. Two soils were used, a Harkey (coarse, silty, mixed, calcareous, thermic, Typic Torrifluvent) and a Saneli (Clayey over sandy skeletal, montmorillonitic, calcareous, Vertic Torrifluvent), each consisting of a cultivated field and a non-cultivated roadbed site. Urease activity was much lower and more varable in the roadbed soils (40 years without cultivation) than in the cultivated field soils. Pre-incubation for 24 h with urea (with toluene) and without urea (without toluene) greatly reduced the total urease activity in all cases in relation to cell free urease activity (with toluene). Urease activity in the two field soils decreased slightly with profile depth but the decrease was greatest below the plow depth (33 cm). Protease activity or some inactivation processes must have lowered the urease content since there was substantially reduced urease activity after most pre-incubations. The extent of the urease activity decrease was so great that the addition of urea would have been required to increase the production of urease enzyme. 相似文献
16.
The effect of phenyl phosphorodiamidate on urease activity and ammonia volatilization in flooded rice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary The behaviour of urease activity, ammoniacal N concentrations and pH in flood water and that of ammonia flux was investigated in a water-logged soil either in the presence or in the absence of rice and with three different treatments (control, urea and urea + phenyl phosphorodiamidate). In the presence of the phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD), that is a urease inhibitor, increases in ammoniacal N concentrations and in ammonia evolution were delayed but not eliminated. The degradation and/or the inactivation of PPD might have occurred, thus removing the inhibition of the enzyme activity. 相似文献
17.
Summary Studies of the effects of different forms of N on urease production in soils amended with organic C showed that although microbial activity, as measured by CO2 production, was stimulated by the addition of NH4
+ or NO3
- to C-amended soils (200 mol glucose-C g–1 soil), urease production was repressed by these forms of N. The addition of L-methionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of inorganic N assimilation by microorganisms, relieved the NH4
+ and NO3
- repression of urease production in C-amended soil. The addition of sodium chlorate, an inhibitor of NO3
- reduction to NH4
+ by microorganisms, relieved the NO3
- repression of urease production, but did not eliminate the repression associated with NH4
+. These observations indicate that microbial production of urease in C-amended soils is not directly repressed by NH4
+ or NO3
-, but by products formed by microbial assimilation of these forms of N. This conclusion is supported by our finding that the biologically active L-isomers of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, and glutamine, repressed urease production in C-amended soil, whereas the D-isomers of these amino acids had little or no influence on urease production. This work suggests that urease synthesis by soil microorganisms is controlled by the global N regulon. 相似文献
18.
Summary Total populations of bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase activity (as a measure of total potential microbial activity), and urease and phosphatase activities were determined in earthworm casts and surrounding laterite soils planted to pineapple. The casts contained higher microbial populations and enzyme activities than the soil. Except for fungal populations, statistically significant (P = 0.05) increases were found in all other parameters. Microbial populations and enzyme activities showed similar temporal trends with higher values in spring and summer and lower values in winter. The earthworm casts contained higher amounts of N, P, K and organic C than the soil (P = 0.05). Selective feeding by earthworms on organically rich substrates, which break down during passage through the gut, is likely to be responsible for the higher microbial populations and greater enzyme activity in the casts. 相似文献
19.
L. Vittori Antisari C. Marzadori P. Gioacchini S. Ricci C. Gessa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,22(3):196-201
Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to study the influence of increasing concentrations of N-(n-butyl)phosphorothioic triamide (NBPT) on NH3 volatilization and rate of urea hydrolysis and evolution of mineral N in Ozzano, Rimini and Carpi soils with different physicochemical characteristics. Low concentrations of NBPT reduced NH3 losses due to volatilization after urea fertilization and the effectiveness of the inhibitor was related to the soil characteristics (e.g. high concentrations of organic C and sand). After 15 days of incubation, no significant reductions of losses were found for any of the NBPT concentrations employed in Rimini soil. The application of NBPT led to a considerable reduction of the formation of nitrite. This process was completely annulled with the highest dose of NBPT (0.5% w/wurea) in the Carpi soil after 15 days. In Rimini soil, however, the use of NBPT was less effective in influencing nitrite formation. The use of NBPT favoured accumulation of nitrate proportional to the NBPT concentration employed while it had no influence on the NH
inf4
sup+
fixation by 2:1 layer silicates. The data obtained support previous evidence that NBPT is effective in reducing the problems encountered in using urea as fertilizer. However, environmental conditions and soil physicochemical characteristics may have an important influence on the effectiveness of NBPT. 相似文献
20.