Modeling jack pine branch characteristics in Eastern Canada

A total of 83 trees were sampled in three regions of Eastern Canada in order to model branch characteristics (number of branches per annual shoot, branch insertion angle and diameter) using linear mixed-effects models. Differences in branch characteristics according to branch type (pseudo-whorl at annual shoot apical end (PWA) versus pseudo-whorl between shoot apical ends (PWB)) were also studied. The number of both PWA and PWB branches are proportional to annual shoot length, whereas the number of PWB branches also decreases with tree age. Insertion angle was mainly driven by annual shoot number from apex (branch age). The diameter models showed the most complexity with branch vertical position and tree size (DBH and total height) among the statistically significant variables. Region and plot random effects were minimal compared with tree and annual shoot levels. Tree-level random effects were significant for every model and might be a symptom of genetic control over the number of branches and, to a small extent, branch diameter. Interaction between insertion angle and diameter is relatively strong because all the models using them as independent variables (except for the model of insertion angle for PWB branches) showed better fit statistics. These results lead us to believe that tree-, annual shoot- and branch-level variables should be further explored in order to better understand branch dynamics.     

水稻T-DNA插入群体的建立及侧临序列的获得与分析

采用农杆菌介导转化方法,将携带有GUS基因1301质粒转入日本晴水稻品种中,建立水稻T-DNA插入群体5 200个.研究表明:通过PCR和Southern Blot分析证明了再生植株为转基因植株;通过改进热不对称交错PCR(TAIL-PCR)方法,已成功地分离并测定了437个株系的侧翼序列;通过序列同源性分析表明,有1...     

棉花黄萎病菌插入突变体库的构建及致病相关基因DVK1的克隆与鉴定

 利用ATMT（Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation）技术自建Verticillium dahliae强致病力落叶型菌株T-DNA插入突变体库,共获得5000个转化子;随机挑选1000个转化子进行致病力鉴定,筛选获得5株致病力衰退的突变体。挑选致病力下降最为明显的突变体d1,通过TAIL-PCR技术最终获得一段长3237 bp的DVK1全长cDNA序列,编码1079个氨基酸的蛋白。基于DNA序列比对发现,DVK1基因含有2个内含子,分别为52 bp和36 bp。进一步比对发现T-DNA插入到DVK1基因启始密码上游740 bp的启动子中。通过遗传互补实验d1 恢复了致病性,进一步证明DVK1基因与黄萎菌致病性相关。     

PCR-based INDEL markers co-dominant between Oryza sativa,japonica cultivars and closely-related wild Oryza species

Wild relatives genetically close to cultivars are precious genetic resources for plant breeding. Oryza rufipogon, O. barthii, O. glumaepatula, O. meridionalis and O. longistaminata are such wild species, and are also categorized as AA genome species based on their structural similarities. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are a powerful resource in breeding and genetics, and numerous rice CSSLs have been produced. This study aimed to develop DNA markers for evaluation of CSSLs directly by PCR and subsequent gel electrophoresis. We confirmed that up to 155 of 188 markers developed for detection of japonica-indica INDELs could also detect INDELs between rice cultivars and wild AA-species accessions. Percentages of applicable markers were higher in O. rufipogon accessions (61.7 to 85.6%), and lower in accessions of other four AA species (39.8 to 51.4%). These markers were distributed throughout the rice chromosomes, and will be useful for genotyping of CSSLs and other genetic resources derived from crosses between rice cultivars and closely related wild species.     

Optimizing Culture System of Ri T-DNA Transformed Roots for Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You

Genetic transformation experiments of the different explants from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out in darkness or in light. The optimizing culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed roots for C. grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You was constructed as follows: After the ventral wounded striations on the single activation cotyledon were inoculated by A. rhizogenes A4 (logarithmic period), they were cocultured at (25 ± 2)°C in darkness for 25–30 days; some transformed roots were generated from wounded striations of most cotyledons. The genetically transformed ratio is (83 ± 11)%. Axenic Ri T-DNA transformed roots (hairy roots) were harvested after five subcultures. Explants were activated on MT medium. The MS medium was used for subculture of transformed roots. Mass Ri T-DNA transformed roots in which the hormone was produced independently were harvested from this optimizing culture system. White, fresh Ri T-DNA transformed roots were (1.14 ± 0.07) cm long, (0.73 ± 0.04) mm wide, and the growth direction of transformed roots was negative geotropism.     

Root exclusion methods for partitioning of soil respiration: Review and methodological considerations

Soil respiration is a vital process in all terrestrial ecosystems, through which the soil releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere at an estimated annual rate of 68-101 Pg carbon, making it the second highest terrestrial contributor to carbon fluxes. Since soil respiration consists of autotrophic and heterotrophic constituents, methods for accurately determining the contribution of each constituent to the total soil respiration are critical for understanding their differential responses to environmental factors and aiding the reduction of CO₂ emissions. Owing to its low cost and simplicity, the root exclusion (RE) technique, combined with manual chamber measurements, is frequently used in field studies of soil respiration partitioning. Nevertheless, RE treatments alter the soil environment, leading to potential bias in respiration measurements. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of RE, i.e., trenching (Tr) and deep collar (DC) insertion techniques, by examining soil respiration partitioning studies performed in several ecosystems. Additionally, we discuss methodological considerations when using RE and the combinations of RE with stable isotopic and modeling approaches. Finally, future research directions for improving the Tr and DC insertion methods in RE are suggested.     

长寿沙田柚Ri T-DNA转型根优化培养体系研究

 设计了长寿沙田柚不同外植体在光、暗条件下进行发根农杆菌遗传转化试验，建立了长寿沙田柚Ri T-DNA转型根优化培养体系，该体系为：用对数期的发根农杆菌A4菌株感染活化胚中单片子叶的创伤腹面，25℃±2℃暗培养25～30 d，多数子叶上发出转型根（毛状根），遗传转化率达（83±11）%。继代脱菌5代后获得无菌转型根。外植体活化采用MT培养基，继代脱菌培养采用MS培养基。采用这个体系获得了大量激素自主的长寿沙田柚Ri T-DNA转型根。获得的新鲜转型根白色，长1.14±0.07 cm，粗0.73±0.04 mm，负向地性生长。     

利用dsRNA干涉方法研究水稻WRKY转录因子的抗病性

 为了研究植物WRKY基因编码的转录因子在水稻上的功能，构建了包含WRKY保守结构域的dsRNA发夹结构干涉载体，用农杆菌介导法转野生型水稻中花11，得到9个有干涉表型的株系。PCR和Southern结果表明dsRNA已整合入中花11的基因组中，且多数为单拷贝。结合T-DNA插入的WRKY突变体植株T456，研究了其中的3个干涉苗和T456对稻瘟病和白叶枯病的抗性，发现3个干涉苗对这两种水稻主要病害的抗性均明显强于T456和中花11，且T456比中花11略抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病，表明dsRNA干涉是成功的，它可能干涉或抑制了某些OsWRKY家族中负向调控抗病基因的成员。     

稻瘟病菌T-DNA插入突变体库构建及致病相关突变体筛选

利用农杆菌T-DNA介导的遗传转化体系转化稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)Y34菌株,平均每转化1.0×106个稻瘟病菌分生孢子可得到约300个抗潮霉素菌株。用该转化体系转化和筛选,获得抗潮霉素菌株6855个。PCR检测结果表明,所有表现抗潮霉素菌株均含抗潮霉素基因,说明抗潮霉素特性是T-DNA携带潮霉素基因插入Y34基因组的表型效应,即抗潮霉素菌株是T-DNA插入突变体。对56个突变体DNASouthern检测结果表明,有27个突变体是单拷贝插入,突变体T-DNA插入拷贝数平均为1.43。随机取1600个突变体进行致病力测定,结果发现23个突变体完全丧失致病能力。