29种中药提取物抗结核药物敏感性研究

本研究选取29种对结核分支杆菌和其他呼吸疾病有治疗作用生长在中国的药用植物,通过MABA (Microdilution alamar blue assay) 药敏实验方法检测了这些药物的乙醇和水提取物对结核分支杆菌M. tuberculosis H37Rv的敏感性。筛选到金银花、大蓟、小蓟和水车前等有显著的抗结核活性,为进一步考查其单体化合物的作用机制和有新型作用机制的抗结核药物开发打下基础。     

超高产水稻生育后期剑叶光合生理特性变化的研究

笔者研究了黑龙江省第一积温带5个产量不同的主栽品种生育后期剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性变化规律。结果表明：超高产品种生育后期的剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性均高于常规品种,品种间差异显著。因此,将剑叶生育后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性的变化研究,作为寒地粳稻高光效育种和超高产育种中的一项措施是可行的。     

超高产水稻生育后期剑叶光合生理特性变化的研究

笔者研究了黑龙江省第一积温带5个产量不同的主栽品种生育后期剑叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性变化规律.结果表明:超高产品种生育后期的剑叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性均高于常规品种,品种间差异显著.因此,将剑叶生育后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率和RuBP羧化酶活性的变化研究,作为寒地粳稻高光效育种和超高产育种中的一项措施是可行的.     

内源水杨酸参与黄瓜叶片光合系统对低温胁迫的响应

 为了探讨内源水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）在黄瓜幼苗光合系统响应低温胁迫中的作用机制,采用高效液相色谱法测定低温下黄瓜叶片中内源SA 含量的变化;通过SA 合成抑制剂Paclobutrazol（Pac,100 μmol · L^-1）喷施和外源SA（50 μmol · L^-1）饲喂的方法调节内源SA 含量,并测定不同处理幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数和光合碳同化关键酶基因的转录水平。结果显示：低温引起黄瓜幼苗内源SA 含量升高,Pac预处理抑制SA 的积累。低温导致PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（F v/F m）、实际光化学效率（Φ PSII）、潜在光化学活性（F v/F o）和光合电子传递效率（ETR）等降低,叶片光化学猝灭参数[（Y（NO）]升高;内源SA含量降低使PSⅡ活性下降幅度增大,加重了叶片的光损伤程度。低温下PSⅡ吸收的光能分配于光反应的部分减少,而以非光化学反应的过剩能量耗散Ex 为主要的光能分配途径,内源SA 含量降低会加剧光能向Ex 的分配。低温时喷施Pac 的幼苗中Rubisco 小亚基基因（RbcS）和碳酸酐酶基因（CA）的表达水平显著低于对照植株。对喷施Pac 的幼苗外源饲喂SA 后,内源SA 含量升高,低温下叶片光合活性得到有效恢复,光损伤降低,光能分配趋于合理,RbcS 和CA 的表达水平升高。上述结果表明,低温下内源SA的积累有助于维持黄瓜叶片中较高的光系统活性和碳同化能力,从而保护光合系统,降低低温胁迫对植物的损伤。     

Chilling Stress Accelerates Degradation of Seed Storage Protein and Photosynthetic Protein during Cotton Seed Germination

Low temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of many important crops. To gain a better understanding of chilling stress responses in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L . ), we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis. Cotyledon proteins of 1-week-old cotton seedlings treated with or without chilling treatment at 4 °C were extracted, separated by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared. Among 1500 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 25 protein spots were down-regulated and 29 were up-regulated. Seven cotton proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis as beta-globulin A precursor fragments. One was identified as a Rubisco large subunit fragment, providing evidence of both seed storage protein and photosynthetic protein destruction by chilling stress. The related physiological and biochemical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in endopeptidase activity and activated oxygen generation rate, and an obvious decrease in carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate of cotton seedlings under chilling stress. Based on the above results, the degradation mechanisms of beta-globulin and Rubisco under chilling stress were discussed. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into chilling-stress responses in cotton and demonstrates the advantages of proteomic analysis.     

Responses of leaf photosynthesis and plant growth to altered source–sink balance in a Japanese and a Dutch tomato cultivar

We investigated the effects of altered source/sink ratio by leaf or fruit pruning on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and whole-plant growth of ‘Momotaro York’, a Japanese cultivar, and ‘Dundee’, a Dutch cultivar and verified a hypothesis for sink-limitation of plant growth proposed by Tanaka and Fujita (1974). Plants were grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in a greenhouse for 11 weeks. Light-saturated photosynthesis of young, fully expanded leaves measured at atmospheric CO₂ partial pressure of 37 Pa and at an intercellular CO₂ partial pressure of 20 Pa was not influenced by alteration of source/sink ratio for either cultivar. Although soluble sugars were accumulated in leaves under high source/sink conditions, the amount of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, a rate-limiting factor for CO₂-limited photosynthesis, was not affected by the altered source–sink balance. Net assimilation rate of a whole plant increased with decreasing source/sink ratio, but this can be accounted for by the changes in light interception per unit leaf area, without taking the source–sink relationship into consideration. It was concluded that the altered source/sink ratio did not change leaf photosynthetic capacity and the sink-limitation hypothesis cannot be applied to either cultivar under the conditions of the present study.     

黄瓜幼苗Rubisco与Rubisco活化酶对光强的响应

以津优3号幼苗为试材,研究弱光(LL:100 μmol· m-2·s-1)、亚弱光(SL:300 μmol·m-2·s-1)下黄瓜幼苗光合速率(Pn)、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco)、Rubisco活化酶(RCA)活性及其基因表达量的变化.结果表明,11d弱光处理后,黄瓜幼苗叶片的Pn、Rubis...     

芥菜Rubisco小亚基的基因克隆及其在芜菁花叶病毒侵染后的表达分析

以耐病性叶用芥菜为材料,克隆和分析了芥菜Rubicso小亚基的基因序列,研究了芜菁花叶病毒（Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV）侵染对Rubicso小亚基基因表达的影响。结果显示：Rubicso小亚基基因全长为842bp,其开放阅读框（ORF）可编码181个氨基酸,其中包括2个α螺旋及4个β折叠二级结构,...     

29种中药提取物抗结核药物敏感性研究

本研究选取29种对结核分支杆菌和其他呼吸疾病有治疗作用生长在中国的药用植物,通过MABA (Microdilution alamar blue assay) 药敏实验方法检测了这些药物的乙醇和水提取物对结核分支杆菌M. tuberculosis H37Rv的敏感性。筛选到金银花、大蓟、小蓟和水车前等有显著的抗结核活性,为进一步考查其单体化合物的作用机制和有新型作用机制的抗结核药物开发打下基础。