小麦雄性核不育基因Tal与rht_(10)基因的连锁遗传

几年来,进行了普通小麦显性雄性核不育基因Tal与矮变1号的矮秆基因Rht_(1c)的等位基因rht_(10)的连锁遗传,以及试图打破其连锁方式,选育重组类型Tal-Rhhrht_(10),使Tal转育至矮变1号的研究,这项研究目前只能获得非期望的另一类tal-rht_(10)交换型配子,本研究表明,两个基因有复杂的连锁关系,可能Tal不仅与rht_(10)主基因,而且与某个修饰基因连锁,重组型是致死的。     

杂交晚稻新组合“先农10号”的选育和应用

“先农 10号”是用优质不育系“中 9A”与自育的强恢复系“R254”配组育成的晚籼中熟品种。该组合 2003 ~2004年参加江西省晚稻中熟组区域试验,平均产量为7026. 9kg/hm2;熟期、产量、抗性、米质均优于同类对照组合“汕优 46”,具有高产、稳产、株型适中、适应性广、抗逆性强、制种产量高等特点,适宜在长江中下游地区作二晚种植。     

苏棉10号生长规律及生育特性研究

对苏棉 1 0号的生长规律及生育特性研究表明 ,苏棉 1 0号棉苗生长快 ,叶面积大 ,株高日增量大 ,株高较高 ,株型疏朗 ,果枝较长。单株结铃数多 ,成铃强度高 ,且优质桃比例高。在栽培上应适当稀植 ,合理化控 ,增加施肥量 ,合理肥料运筹 ,可进一步提高产量     

西藏普通小麦地方品种特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中Tibetan Dy10亚基基因测序与分析

 【目的】鉴定在西藏小麦地方品种中发现的特有高分子量谷蛋白亚基组合“Tibetan Dx5*+Tibetan Dy10”中的Tibetan Dy10亚基是否与普通小麦Dy10亚基为同一亚基。【方法】利用SDS-PAGE分析和Tibetan Dy10亚基基因的克隆和测序。【结果】表明Tibetan Dy10亚基与普通小麦中Dy10亚基广泛存在的Dx5+Dy10组合形式中的Dy10亚基的分子序列非常相似，但分别在2个六肽中的1个氨基酸部位发生替换，第335位的甘氨酸（G）和第451位的谷氨酰氨（Q）在Tibetan Dy10 中均被替换为精氨酸（R）。【结论】Tibetan Dy10与普通小麦中常见的Dy10亚基基因的DNA序列存在微小差异，属于Dy10位点的一个新变异。     

对杭州地区4种猪病的血清学调查分析

通过对于杭州地区规模化猪场PRRS、PCV2、PR、SF等4种疾病抗体的血清学检测,发现PRRS、PCV2、PR感染率依次降低,PR的野毒感染率31.2%,总抗体阳性率为68%,猪瘟的免疫保护率为74%;下半年与上半年相比,PRRS稍有升高,SF免疫合格率有所下降,PR免疫转阳率下降,感染率稍有升高,表明防疫形势不容乐观.PRRS已经有大部分场次(93%)发生,75%的场次存在PCV2感染,7%的场次感染PR,6.4%的场次猪瘟免疫抗体不合格.建议继续做好PR、SF的免疫预防,完善PRRS疫苗,加强PCV2疫苗的研制.     

氮、磷、钾对油研10号油菜产量和品质的影响

采用三元二次通用正交旋转组合设计,研究了直播栽培方式下氮、磷、钾与油研10号油菜品种产量、产油量、含油率、芥酸、硫甙、饼粕蛋白质含量之间的关系.结果表明,在试验设计水平范围内,随着施氮量的增加,产量、产油量、芥酸呈逐渐降低趋势,含油率和饼粕蛋白质含量呈逐渐增加趋势.芥酸、含油率、饼粕蛋白质含量与施磷量间呈开口向上的抛物线关系,呈现出高-低-高的变化趋势.同时获得产量200kg·667m-2和产油量85kg·667m-2的优化农艺措施方案分别为纯氮6.46～7.59kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.58～8.42kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)10.37～13.63kg·667m-2和纯氮9.06kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.20～8.80kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)9.69～14.31kg·667m-2.     

10%单嘧磺隆对麦田阔叶杂草的防效及后茬复种作物的影响

通过10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂田间喷雾试验表明,其对小麦、玉米的出苗和生长发育均无不良影响,但严重阻碍复种和后茬油菜等双子叶作物的出苗和生长发育,生产上应避免在10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂施药田复种或后茬种植双子叶作物.同时表明对春小麦田阔叶杂草有较好的防除效果,优于目前生产上常用药剂10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂,且对小麦、玉米安全,具有推广应用前景.建议用药时间为小麦3叶1心、杂草2叶1心期,用药量为225 g/hm2对水900 L.     

Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon

In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits.     

Hydro-physical responses of gypseous and non-gypseous soils to livestock grazing in a semi-arid region of NE Spain

Pasture productivity depends on soil hydro-physical properties, which in turn are deeply affected by livestock grazing. However, the comparative response of different soil types, and particularly gypseous soil types, to grazing has hardly been studied before. This paper compares the effect of grazing on the soil hydro-physical properties of silty gypseous (Gy) and non-gypseous (NGy) soils located in a semi-arid region (Middle Ebro Valley, NE, Spain). Two different soil managements were selected: ungrazed natural shrubland (N) and grazed shrubland (GR) soils. The gypsum, CaCO₃ and organic matter content (OM), soil texture, soil bulk density (ρ_b), penetration resistance (PR), saturated sorptivity (S), hydraulic conductivity (K), and the water retention curve (WRC) for undisturbed soil samples from 1 to 10 cm depth soil layer were measured. The ρ_b and PR in NGy soils were significantly higher than those observed in the Gy ones. Soil compaction due to grazing treatment tended to increase ρ_b and decrease the K and S values. While no differences in PR were observed in the Gy soils between grazing treatments, the PR measured in the NGy soils under GR was significantly higher than the corresponding values observed under N. Differences in K and S between GR and N treatments were only significant (p < 0.05) in NGy soils, where K and S values under the N treatment were almost four times greater than the corresponding values measured under GR. Overall, no differences in the WRCs were observed between soil types and grazing treatments. While the WRCs of NGy soils were not significantly affected by the grazing treatment, Gy soils under N treatment present a significantly higher level of soil macropores than under GR treatment. The hydro-physical features of Gy soils tended to be less affected by grazing than those of the NGy soils. These results suggest that livestock grazing, in both Gy and NGy soils, has a negative effect on the physical soil properties, which should be taken into account by land managers of these semi-arid regions where silty gypseous and non-gypseous areas coexist.     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.