Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD.

Hypothesis

Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD.

Animals

Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications.

Methods

Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index.

Results

The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV St_L (P = 0.012), and RV StR_L (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV St_G was clinically acceptable.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD.     

四个紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发期耐盐性研究

在实验室内模拟的盐分条件下,用不同浓度的Na Cl盐溶液对4个紫花苜蓿品种(中苜1号、中苜3号、中草3号和陇东苜蓿)种子萌发期进行盐胁迫处理。结果表明:低浓度(0.2%和0.4%)的盐溶液对苜蓿的发芽率和幼苗苗高抑制作用不显著,对幼根具有一定的刺激作用。0.8%和1.0%的Na Cl溶液处理下发芽率、0.6%的Na Cl溶液处理下的幼苗苗高和幼根生长量可以作为苜蓿种子萌发期耐盐性鉴定指标。对四个紫花苜蓿品种的发芽率、幼苗苗高、幼根生长量、耐盐半致死浓度四个指标进行综合分析,结果表明:中苜1号耐盐性最强,其次是中苜3号和中草3号,陇东苜蓿最弱。     

极细链格孢激活蛋白对大豆光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响

为探讨激活蛋白对大豆生长、产量的影响,以大豆冀豆17为研究对象,利用光合仪与称重法测量了不同浓度极细链格孢激活蛋白(1,2,3,4,5,6μg/m L)处理后大豆的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量。结果表明,随着施用的极细链格孢激活蛋白浓度的增加,大豆叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)呈先上升后下降的趋势。施用1,2,3,4μg/m L浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白不仅提高了大豆叶绿素含量,而且增加了大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,同时还能提高叶绿素荧光的最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)。其中以3,4μg/m L浓度的处理效果最好。施用更高浓度的激活蛋白(5,6μg/m L),上述光合特性与叶绿素荧光促进效果下降或者消失。施用中浓度激活蛋白(3,4μg/m L)大豆产量增加了11.21%~14.76%。结果表明,喷洒合适浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白是一种促进大豆增产的有效措施。     

Ecological consequences of variation in standard metabolism and dominance among salmon parr

Abstract – Standard metabolic rate (SMR, closely related to basal and resting metabolism) varies by up to threefold among juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., of similar size at common temperature. Here, consequences of this variation are predicted by combining empirically derived relationships between SMR, specific dynamic action, energy budgets, water velocity, food level in the environment and food availability to fish. The range of velocities across which growth is predicted to occur is inversely related to a fish’s SMR. Growth is positively related to SMR at high but negatively related to it at low‐food levels. The relationship between food level and the range of velocities over which lower SMR fish can grow but higher SMR fish cannot is asymmetrically bi‐phasic and peaked. It is predicted that maternal manipulation of offspring SMR would generate fitness benefits through bet‐hedging against unpredictability in food level and increases in the overall range of velocities that the family of offspring can occupy and thrive in.     

不同生态因子对荚果蕨生长和光合特性的影响

为研究荚果蕨抗逆性生理机制并且为荚果蕨栽培提供理论依据和参考,以荚果蕨为实验作物,利用盆栽法、光合作用测定仪、土壤农化分析方法研究了荚果蕨生长及光合特性对土壤质量含水量、有机肥料、光照强度等生态因子的响应机制。研究结果表明:荚果蕨幼苗对于水分胁迫具有一定的抗逆性,土壤质量含水量为田间持水量的70%~75%时荚果蕨叶片长度最大,净光合速率(Pn)与蒸腾速率(Tr)表现为随着土壤含水量的增加先上升后下降,水分利用效率(Ew)变化趋势与之相反;不同有机肥料间比较腐熟猪粪肥培肥效果较好,且在1500 kg/hm2施用量时效果达到峰值;各遮阳措施均有利于荚果蕨生长,实验处理为使用透光率为30%的遮阳网时荚果蕨叶片长度最佳。荚果蕨最适宜生长条件为:土壤质量含水量为田间持水量的70%~75%;施用腐熟猪粪肥1500 kg/hm2;遮阳措施透光率为30%。     

滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

为探明华北地区山前平原水肥一体化条件下小麦合理的氮肥运筹。于2013-2015年2个小麦生长季,设置4个滴灌施氮量(N0-不施氮、N1-120 kg/hm~2、N2-240 kg/hm~2、N3-360 kg/hm~2)处理,研究滴灌水肥一体化下施氮量对小麦氮素吸收积累和土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明:施氮量N1、N2和N3处理的小麦干质量及产量较处理N0显著增加,N1、N2和N3处理间无显著差异;施氮量对小麦茎秆的氮含量影响较大,但对籽粒氮含量的影响差异不显著;处理N3的小麦总吸氮量分别显著高于处理N0、N1和N2,但处理N1和N2之间无显著差异;氮肥收获指数以N2处理最高,氮肥当季回收利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生产效率和氮肥利用效率均表现出随施氮量增加而降低的趋势;施氮量超过240 kg/hm~2,土壤硝态氮含量增加,且随种植年限的延长更加明显。采用一元二次方程拟合,获得小麦最高产量的施氮量为238.46~250.78 kg/hm~2,经济施氮量为174.28~207.18 kg/hm~2。综合考虑经济效益和生态效益,该条件下小麦滴灌经济施氮量以174~207 kg/hm~2为宜。     

华北驼绒藜雨季移栽成活率研究

本文是不同季节移栽华北驼绒藜(Ceratoides arborescens)系列研究之一。干旱区春季生态建植有补水之苦,雨季移栽表明,不需坐水或补水,成活率可高达60%,浸根可提高成活率至90%;说明雨季移栽是可行的。移栽植株数日内叶片含水量和叶绿素含量急剧下降、脯氨酸含量骤然升高,含量恢复过程则较缓慢,说明移栽使植株突然损伤,但终能恢复至正常生理状态。     

粉条加工中添加石蜡的检测技术研究

【目的】探讨粉条加工过程中非法添加石蜡的测定方法,为食品监管提供保障。【方法】先以石蜡成品摸索石蜡测定的气相色谱质谱条件,再以石蜡成分C18H38和C24H50进行回收率和相对标准偏差试验。【结果】不同预处理方法中,超声萃取处理的C18H38和C24H50在粉条中的萃取回收率最高,分别为93.5%和91.0%;20min超声时间萃取粉条中烷烃成分较为适宜;所建立的粉条中石蜡含量测定方法的相对标准偏差为3.6～4.8,样品回收率均大于90.0%,达到定量检测要求。【结论】所建立的石蜡检测方法操作简单,测定结果准确可靠,可用于粉条中石蜡成分的定性及定量测定。     

速生林木材液化及其产物应用研究

[目的]为速生桉树木材液化及其产物的应用提供参考。[方法]以硫酸为催化剂,苯酚为液化剂,对速生人工林桉树木材进行液化,并取液化产物与甲醛进行树脂化反应制备液化木基酚醛树脂LWPF,研究液比对液化反应效率、液化产物重均分子量及LWPF树脂胶合性能的影响。[结果]随着液比的提高,液化产物的残渣率及重均分子量均降低,而LWPF树脂制得的胶合板的木破率提高;当液比提高到一定程度后,液化产物的残渣率和重均分子量及LWPF树脂所制胶合板的木破率变化不明显。[结论]对速生桉树木材的液化工艺及其液化产物的树脂化合成工艺进行了优化。     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...