禽类艾美耳球虫生物学和免疫生物学的研究进展

[目的]介绍禽类艾美耳球虫生物学和免疫生物学的研究进展,减少其对养禽业造成的经济损失。[方法]从禽类球虫的生活史、遗传学、生物化学、种类鉴定和诊断、免疫生物学、球虫病的控制及未来发展方向和亟待解决的问题等方面,阐述了近年来的发展情况。[结果]禽类的艾美耳球虫的生活史包括有性生殖阶段和无性生殖阶段;球虫的生物学发育也比较清楚;在外界环境中进行孢子生殖;目前其种类主要为7类;在球虫感染的免疫学方面研究有很大进展;在了解以上生物学和免疫生物学的研究进展后,提出了防治措施。[结论]该研究为防治养禽业球虫病提供了依据。     

朝鲜球坚蚧生物学特性及药剂防治的初步研究

 朝鲜球坚蚧Didesmococcus koreanus Borch是核果类重要害虫之一,在昆明地区主要危害桃、李、杏、梅;年生1代,以2龄若虫在1～2年生枝条上越冬,翌年2月越冬若虫开始新的泌蜡活动且虫体日趋膨大,3月下旬至4月上旬雌成虫产卵,4月下旬至5月上旬孵化并开始涌散,5月中旬固着吸食危害。每头雌成虫平均产卵量为738粒,雌成虫产完卵后相继死亡。早春是药剂防治最佳时期,分别使用25%优乐得可湿粉,50%甲胺磷乳油,20%灭扫利乳油以1:2000进行防治均收到良好效果。     

中国北方杨干透翅蛾(Sesia siningensis(Hsu))幼虫的生长(鳞翅目:透翅蛾科)

采用系统采样和野外饲养的方法，同杨干透翅蛾幼虫有８个龄期，用零点标记法研究了幼虫的生长进度；同时通过野外取样调查，观察了不同年群幼虫间的演替过程。     

Questions and possible new directions for research into the biology of terrestrial isopods

New directions for research identified during the final plenary discussion of the Sixth Symposium on the Biology of Terrestrial Isopods included: locating enzymes buffering pleon fluids during excretion of ammonia and the use of isopods in ecotoxicology including how they adapt to or tolerate high contaminant levels; how they interact with free living and endosymbiotic microbiota and how Wolbacchia avoids the immune response of isopods. New analyses of mating behaviour raised questions concerning mate choice while new microsatellite techniques may help resolve issues of multiple paternity and sperm competition. In relation to their ecology and biogeography new questions included how does the ability to learn the location of high quality food patches in spatially heterogeneous environments and the existence of an Allee effect, influence the population biology of isopods in the field and how do patterns of invasion and colonisation vary between species with different motility and life history strategies?     

校园生物资源在中学生物学教学中的应用

在调查研究校园生物资源的基础上,提出了利用校园生物资源丰富生物学教学的有益途径,旨在挖掘校园生物教学资源,激发学生求知欲、调动学生主动学习的热情,开展富有特色的生物学教学。     

小黑麦生物学特性、营养价值及利用前景

通过对小黑麦和小麦的生物学特性和经济学特性的分析比较,说明小黑麦这种异源多倍体新物种较小麦具有更强的生命力、更高的生物产量、更优的理化特性、更好的营养品质和更广的适应性,因而它已成为推动我国种植业和畜牧业协调发展的新型作物,对农业结构的调整具有重要的作用。     

臭椿沟眶象的生物学特性及防治对策

臭椿沟眶象在青海省民和县一年发生一代,以幼虫越冬,是专门蛀食臭椿的一种枝干害虫,此虫隐蔽为害,造成被害木生长衰弱或整株枯死,在2005年全国林业有害生物普查中青海省定为省内补充检疫对象,此虫一旦普遍发生,防治十分困难。为了便于及时开展防治。2004—2006年对该虫生物学特性进行了观察研究,进行了无公害防治试验,并获得较为理想的效果。     

缺苞箭竹生物学物侯学特征的初步研究

本文通过对四川王朗自然保护区缺苞箭竹研究分析表明：１．缺苞箭竹生长受热量因素的制约，具有与温度变化同步趋势；２．缺苞箭竹地下茎为合轴型，其分蘖生长具有同期分蘖效应的特点及按序分蘖特征；３．缺苞箭竹物候期除自身生物特征（遗传特性）表现外，环境因素也直接或间接地起一定作用；４．缺苞箭竹物候期随海拔的变化，系统发育年龄的变化，其始日、终日、长短也有差异；５．按海拔梯度绘制的物候谱，在主食竹造林时间的选择、森林生态系统研究和森林经营等方面，具有重要的应用价值。     

The pathogenesis of experimental Haemonchus longistipes infection in camels

The pathogenesis and clinical signs of Haemonchus longistipes infection were studied in four experimentally infected camels two of which were adults and the other two were young. In the former animals, an acute infection developed, characterized by mucoid diarrhoea, anorexia, anaemia, loss of body weight, oedema of the lower parts of the limbs, general malaise and death at 8-10 weeks post-infection. In the two younger camels, a less dramatic disease was encountered with less severe symptoms and no oedema, but also terminating fatally at 19-20 weeks post-infection. Parasitological, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined during the course of the infection and were mostly comparable with those usually encountered in haemonchosis of other animals.     

七叶树研究进展及开发利用

概括了七叶树的生态地理分布、生物学特性、繁育技术,并探讨了七叶树的利用价值,旨在为七叶树的保护开发提供理论依据。