碳纤维复合芯导线的性能与应用研究

阐述碳纤维复合芯导线（ACCC）的基本结构,将ACCC与传统钢芯铝绞线（ACSR）在结构、材料性能、弧垂-温升曲线、安装曲线方面进行对比。结果表明,ACCC铝线截面积、最高工作温度、载流量均高于ACSR,在工程中应用ACCC可有效提高线路的送电能力。     

外源有机酸对铝毒胁迫下大豆根系形态的影响

通过添加三种不同浓度的有机酸(柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸) ,测定铝毒胁迫下大豆的根系活力及主要根系 性状,研究了三种外源有机酸对大豆铝毒害的缓解效应。实验结果显示,三种有机酸在适当低浓度条件下,对大豆 铝毒害都有一定的缓解效果,其中以柠檬酸的缓解效果最好,草酸和苹果酸的缓解效果相当;但当有机酸浓度较高 时,反而会使大豆根系活力降低,根伸长受到抑制;有机酸对浙春2号的缓解作用强于浙春3号, 15d处理的缓解效 果优于30d。     

外源低分子量有机酸对碳酸钙预处理的酸性土壤中活性铝钙镁影响的研究

通过在所研究的第四纪红黏土发育的红壤中混入CaCO3,研究在pH缓冲体系中外加低分子量有机酸对土壤中Al、Ca和Mg的影响。结果表明:无论加CaCO3与否,在pH 4.5的条件下外源草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸的加入均使土壤可溶性Al显著提高,交换性Al显著下降和交换性Ca显著升高;加入CaCO3的情况下,3种有机酸处理的交换性Mg均显著提高。3种有机酸促进Al溶解能力的大小顺序为:柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸,这一结果与有机酸和Al形成络合物的稳定常数大小一致。另一方面,3种有机酸处理下,CaCO3预处理均引起可溶性Al的显著升高和交换性Al的下降。双因素方差分析表明,有机酸通过络合作用或沉淀作用对可溶性和交换性Al、Ca和Mg均具有绝对的影响优势,CaCO3仅对可溶性和交换性Al、交换性Ca有显著影响,由于实验中pH缓冲体系的控制,这种影响主要通过Al与Ca、Mg的竞争交换作用实现。总体来说,外源低分子量有机酸的加入使土壤活性Al显著升高,活性Ca、Mg略有升高,有机酸在酸性土壤中的作用需从有机酸溶解阳离子的角度进一步评价。     

胃舒平片剂中铝含量测定方法研究

研究了胃舒平片剂中铝含量的测定方法。样品消解后,先在pH值为7~8时,用稀NaOH溶液将Al3+沉淀为Al(OH)3,再加入KCl,反应中生成的游离KOH溶液,以酚酞为指示剂,用HCl标准溶液滴定至终点。加标回收率(R)在96.8%~100.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)<1.0%。结果表明,改进后的方法,操作方便、测定快捷,其准确度和精密度与标准法一致。     

铝对番茄的毒性及若干生理指标的影响

[目的]探讨铝对番茄的毒害机理。[方法]以黑格尔87-5番茄为研究材料,用浓度分别为10、30、50、70、90、110mg/L的硫酸铝溶液处理番茄种子(蒸馏水为对照),研究不同浓度铝处理对番茄幼苗生长、发芽率、细胞膜透性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。[结果]铝浓度为30mg/L时,对番茄幼苗株高有促进作用,而对根长有抑制作用;而高浓度铝处理对两者均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加抑制作用愈明显。中浓度铝(50mg/L相似文献   

Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence for rapid potassium,calcium, and chloride diagnosis in barley

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Doriru) leaf samples were collected from a field comprising three plots, plot F chemical fertilizer treated, plot S receiving sewage sludge and sawdust mixed compost, and plot H receiving sewage sludge and rice husk mixed compost. Relative concentrations of selected elements, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and chloride (Cl) of young, mature, and old barley leaves were determined by microscopic energy dispersing X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The objective of this investigation was to verify the applicability of EDXRF for rapid nutrient element diagnosis of plants. Typically whole leaves were washed in deionized‐distilled water and dried by ironing for analysis. Intact dried barley leaf sample irradiation was accomplished with X‐rays obtained from an X‐ray tube focused on an area <100 μm of the respective sample specimen surface. The EDXRF provided sufficient sensitivity for relative concentrations of K, Ca, and Cl. Element content data of all the elements investigated, specifically K, resulted in adequate plant nutrient element values to diagnose K insufficiency in barley leaves taken from plants in the sewage sludge receiving plots. Potassium was more densely accumulated in the new leaf than in mature and old leaves in case of plants from the S and H plots. In contrast, such K accumulation was more dense in old and mature leaves than young leaves in case of plants from the F plot. However, Cl and Ca coupling in barley leaves from all of the F, S, and H plots had shown the similar pattern of distribution and followed the order: old > mature > young. Therefore, EDXRF can be an easy, rapid, and practical method for diagnosing the elemental content of plant tissues and thereby help to aid plant growth and development through timely supplements of the required element(s).     

Diurnal patterns of nitrate assimilation in Kentucky bluegrass

Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis L.) is a major C₃‐type forage and turfgrass, but it is less efficient than many grasses in utilizing nitrogen(N). To determine how this grass can accommodate its greater N need, diurnal patterns of nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and nitrite reductase activity (NiRA) in its leaves and roots were examined and compared with those in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plants were grown under greenhouse or growth room conditions and assayed for NRA and NiRA by optimized in vivo methods. The diurnal patterns of NRA and NiRA indicated that Kentucky bluegrass could assimilate nitrate during the night at rates greater than or similar to those during the day. Leaf NRA of Kentucky bluegrass was minimal approximately 4 and 10 h after illumination commenced and increased at night. The diurnal pattern of leaf NRA among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars did not differ significantly. In roots, NRA of Kentucky bluegrass was high in the morning and decreased sharply during the afternoon and evening, but increased again late at night. Unlike Kentucky bluegrass, barley exhibited greater leaf NRA during the day than during the night and exhibited the greatest activity 6 or 10 h after illumination commenced. In both species, the equilibrium leaf nitrate pool was 20 to 30 times larger than the ammonium pool and 3, 000 to 13, 000 times larger than the nitrite pool. Leaf nitrate pool size showed a diurnal pattern complementary to that of leaf NRA. Our results suggest that a nighttime N use strategy might exist in Kentucky bluegrass.     

Specific and non-specific adsorption of inorganic ions I. Evaluation of specific adsorbability by means of minimum concentration for specific adsorption

The Minimum Concentration for Specific Adsorption (MCSA) was defined as a reversal of the charge concentration of the ion at the infinite dilution of sol (adsorbent), or practically at such concentration of sol that equilibrium of the ion Is but negligibly affected by adsorption of the ion.

The MCSAs of 15 species of cations were measured with respect to SiO₂ at pH 4,6,5, and 10; the MCSAs of 10 species of anions were measured with respect to Fe(OH)₃ at pH 4, and 6.5; and the MCSAs of 10 species of anions were measured with respect to Al-coated-SiO₂ at pH 6.5. Relative specificities of the inorganic ions based on the MCSAs at pH 6.5 were as follows:

The MCSAs of cations with respect to SiO₂ and of anions to Fe(OH)₃ and Al-coated-SiO₂ at pH 6.5 had close relationships to ionic potentials and general solubility of the elements in water. Based on these results, the authors concluded that the MCSA could be used u an index of specificity (i.e. covalent bond-forming tendency) of an Jon at adsorption reactions.

The values corresponding to the apparent stability constants of surface complexes formed by adsorption reaction with SiO₂ and cations at pH 4 were calculated from the values of the MCSAs.     

玉米耐铝机理研究初报

以两个具有不同耐铝能力的玉米自交系为研究材料,对玉米的耐铝机理做了初步的研究。结果表明,铝主要通过抑制根系的伸长生长,降低根系吸收水分和养分的能力,从而抑制整个植株的生长。     

铝毒胁迫对两种基因型油菜苗期根系形态及生理特性的影响

运用水培法研究铝毒胁迫下两种基因型油菜苗期根系的生长特征及生理响应。结果表明,铝毒明显抑制了两种油菜根系总长、根表面积、根直径和根体积,且随着Al3+胁迫浓度的增加和处理时间的延长抑制效果增强,但湘杂油二号的根系生长受抑制相对较轻。两种基因型油菜根系的MDA含量、质膜透性、根系活力大小均在50 µmol/L Al3+处理时与对照差异不显著,100和200 µmol/L Al3+处理使MDA含量、质膜透性迅速上升,根系活力下降,且胁迫14d的伤害程度大于胁迫7d。在胁迫7d时,两种基因型油菜根系的SOD、POD和CAT活性整体上均呈上升趋势;当胁迫延长至14d时,二者的SOD活性增幅减少,POD和CAT活性呈下降趋势。Al3+胁迫促进了两种基因型油菜根系脯氨酸的积累,在7d和14d时铝毒处理的脯氨酸含量均高于对照;胁迫7d时根系可溶性蛋白含量和抗坏血酸含量先增加后下降,胁迫14d时两者均随着Al3+浓度增加而下降。由此可见,与浙双758比较,湘杂油二号的根系通过相对较高的保护酶活性及非酶保护物质含量来增强对铝毒的抗性。