长期有机无机肥配施对土壤水稳性团聚体酶活性的影响

The activities of invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase in different fractions of waterstable aggregates (WSA) were examined in long-term (26 years) fertilised soils. The long-term application of organic manure (OM) with chemical fertiliser (CF) significantly increased macroaggregate and decreased microaggregate percentages, enhanced the mean weight diameter, and significantly increased soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of WSA in different size fractions. Combined fertilisation with OM and CF also increased invertase, protease, urease, acid phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, and catalase activities of WSA in different size fractions. Enzyme activities were higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregates. The distribution of enzyme activities generally followed the distribution of TC and TN in WSA. The geometric mean of the enzyme activities in different WSA of OM-treated soils was significantly higher than that in soils treated with 100% CF or no fertiliser. The results indicated that the long-term combined application of OM with CF increased the aggregate stability and enzyme activity of different WSA sizes, and consequently, improved soil physical structure and increased soil microbial activity.     

机动式喷杆喷雾机机架的轻量化设计

为了解决机动式喷杆喷雾机机架质量过重、燃油消耗率和碳排放量过高等问题,以机动式喷杆喷雾机机架为研究对象,建立了机架的有限元模型。对机架进行了试验模态分析,将仿真结果与模态试验数据进行了对比。利用有限元分析软件Radioss对机架进行了静态分析,计算了机架在水平弯曲和极限扭转工况下的应力分布及变形。根据有限元分析结果,对机架进行了轻量化设计并对机架进行了结构改进。研究结果显示:模态试验结果与有限元仿真结果基本接近,验证了有限元模型的准确性;经过尺寸优化,机架的质量降幅为40.4%,实现了轻量化目标;根据轻量化结果对机架进行了结构改进,改进后弯曲工况和扭转工况的安全系数为分别提高了9.7%和7.8%。该文的相关研究可以为企业研发机动式喷杆喷雾机提供一定的参考。     

基于G1赋权法的油气管道应急预案质量评价

在构建油气管道应急预案质量评价指标体系的基础上,鉴于常见的层次分析法(AHP)对指标赋权所存在的不足,采用G1法对各个指标进行权重赋值,给出了应急预案质量评定分值的求取方法、评判等级划分及其不同的应急预案质量完善策略。研究结果对如何评价油气管道应急预案的质量提供了方法指导,同时对应急预案的维护与修订提供了决策支持。     

啤酒大麦专用肥施用量对甘啤3号产量和品质的影响

通过两年对啤酒大麦专用肥施用量试验的研究,结果表明:不同的啤酒大麦专用肥施用量对啤酒大麦产量、蛋白质、筛选率、千粒重均有显著影响,应适当控制肥料的施用量,以啤酒大麦专用肥600kg/hm2为宜,不超过750kg/hm2。     

碳氮供给对小麦离体穗培养粒重、微量元素及蛋白质含量的影响

为了解碳氮供给与小麦粒重、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu等微量元素以及蛋白质含量的关系,在离体穗培养条件下研究了灌浆初期和灌浆中期不同浓度C(蔗糖)、N(硝酸铵)供给对小麦粒重、微量元素(Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu)和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,随着培养基糖浓度的增大,粒重和Fe、Mn含量都表现为先升高后降低的趋势,在4%糖浓度时,均达到最高值;籽粒Zn、Cu和蛋白质含量表现为随糖浓度增大而持续降低.随着培养基N浓度的增加,粒重和Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu含量多表现为先升高后降低的趋势,且多在N浓度为0.07%时达到最高值,尤以灌浆中期开始的培养表现明显;籽粒蛋白质含量表现为随N浓度增大而持续增加.由此可见,外源C、N供给对粒重、微量元素和蛋白质含量有明显的调控效应.一定的糖供给可同时提高粒重和Fe、Mn含量,一定的N供给可同时提高粒重及微量元素和蛋白质含量.     

海南黑山羊血液生化指标与体重的相关分析

测定了成年海南黑山羊的体重y及其血液中谷草转氨酶(AST,x1)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT,x2)、总蛋白(TP, x3)、白蛋白(ALB,x4)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP,x5)、总胆固醇(TC,x6)、肌酸激酶(CK,x7)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH,x8)、淀粉酶(AMY, x9)等生化指标,并运用SAS软件分析了血液生化指标与体重之间的相关、血液生化指标对体重的直接和间接影响以及血液生化指标对体重的决定程度,最后建立了血液生化指标与体重的最优回归模型。结果表明：总胆固醇(TC)与体重呈极显著的负相关(P＜0.01,     

两种专用肥对空气凤梨生长的影响

为研究空气凤梨快速生长的肥料,选用5个空气凤梨品种和两种专用肥料（15:5:30和17:8:22）,设置不同的浓度500倍/稀释、1000倍/稀释、2000倍/稀释、3000倍/稀释、4000倍/稀释及对照,测定空气凤梨的单株增重率和叶片叶绿素含量两个指标。结果表明,肥料15:5:30对5个空气凤梨生长的影响小于17:8:22,肥料15:5:30从稀释浓度500倍到稀释浓度1000倍有利于5个空气凤梨的生长,肥料17:8:22从稀释浓度1000倍到稀释浓度2000倍有利于空气凤梨的生长。     

Grain number and grain weight in wheat lines contrasting for stem water soluble carbohydrate concentration

In wheat, the ability to store and remobilise large amounts of stem water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) to grain constitutes a desirable trait to incorporate into germplasm targeted to regions with frequent terminal drought. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationships between WSC storage, grain number and grain weight across several environments. A small set of recombinant inbred lines (2–4) contrasting in stem WSC were grown in six field trials where water availability, sowing date and/or N level were manipulated, with line yields ranging from 400 to 850 g m⁻² across experiments. Biomass, N and WSC concentration (WSCc, mg g⁻¹ dry weight) and amount (WSCa, g m⁻²) were monitored. A resource-oriented area-based model [Fischer, R.A., 1984. Growth and yield of wheat. In: Smith, W.H., Bante, S.J. (Eds.), Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, pp. 129–154] and intrinsic rates of organ growth were used to investigate the consequences on grain number of potential competition between spike and stem around flowering.     

灌水对沙漠绿洲区甘草生长动态和产量的影响

为研究灌水对沙漠绿洲区甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）生长动态和产量的效应,本研究设2 700（W1）、3 600(W2)、4 500(W3)、5 400(W4)、6 300(W5)和7 200(W6) m3/hm2 6个灌水处理。结果表明,灌水明显促进甘草茎叶、根的生长。处理W4、W5和W6株高显著高于W1、W2和W3（P<0.05）,主茎生长速度W6处理较W1快60％,较W2快33％;W3、W4、W5和W6处理地上部干质量显著高于W1（P<0.05）,干物质积累速度W3处理较W1快11％;根长、芦径、根干质量随灌水量增加而增加,灌水量超过5 400 m3/hm2则表现下降趋势,处理W3和W4根干质量最高,在根快速生长期W3和W4处理的一年龄和二年龄根干质量增加速度分别较W1快50％和35％。灌水4 500和5 400 m3/hm2,一年龄甘草和二年龄甘草根产量均达到较高水平,但前者灌水效率较后者高,可节水900 m3/hm2。     

Evaluation of platelet function in dogs with cardiac disease using the PFA‐100 platelet function analyzer

Background: Cardiac disease has the potential to alter platelet function in dogs. Evaluation of platelet function using the PFA‐100 analyzer in dogs of multiple breeds and with a broad range of cardiac conditions would help clarify the effect of cardiac disease on platelets. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess differences in closure time (CT) in dogs with cardiac disease associated with murmurs, when compared with that of healthy dogs. Methods: Thirty‐nine dogs with cardiac murmurs and turbulent blood flow as determined echocardiographically were included in the study. The dogs represented 23 different breeds. Dogs with murmurs were further divided into those with atrioventricular valvular insufficiency (n=23) and subaortic stenosis (n=9). Fifty‐eight clinically healthy dogs were used as controls. CTs were determined in duplicate on a PFA‐100 analyzer using collagen/ADP cartridges. Results: Compared with CTs in the control group (mean±SD, 57.6±5.9 seconds; median, 56.5 seconds; reference interval, 48.0–77.0 seconds), dogs with valvular insufficiency (mean±SD, 81.9±26.3 seconds; median, 78.0 seconds; range, 52.5–187 seconds), subaortic stenosis (71.4±16.5 seconds; median, 66.0 seconds; range, 51.5–95.0 seconds), and all dogs with murmurs combined (79.6±24.1 seconds; median, 74.0 seconds; range, 48.0–187 seconds) had significantly prolonged CTs (P<.01). Conclusions: The PFA‐100 analyzer is useful in detecting platelet function defects in dogs with cardiac murmurs, most notably those caused by mitral and/or tricuspid valvular insufficiency or subaortic stenosis. The form of turbulent blood flow does not appear to be an important factor in platelet hypofunction in these forms of cardiac disease.