Consumer perceptions of food safety risk: Evidence from a segmentation study in Albania

Albania is facing serious problems with the national food safety control system in terms of legislation, control and enforcement. The objective of this paper is to analyse consumer perceptions about safety of small ruminant meat in Tirana, in a context of weak enforcement of the food safety system. Applying two-step clustering analyses, consumers were classified in four socio-demographic clusters, and it was found that the cluster composed of female consumers with lower education and income levels, and the two clusters composed of male consumers perceive consumed meat as safe. Consumers in the cluster composed of females with university education and higher income are, on average, more concerned with current meat safety measures and tend to place more trust in the veterinarian stamp on meat carcasses rather than in local butchers.     

河北省A级旅游景区时空分布特征分析

以河北省A级旅游景区相关数据为基础,采用地理数学方法的空间分析手段和GIS空间分析工具,从定性和定量两方面分析了河北省A级旅游景区在时间和空间上的分布规律。结果表明:（1）空间维度上。河北省A级旅游景区在空间分布类型上属于凝聚型,但已经较接近于随机分布型;河北省A级旅游景区空间分布上呈现出分布不平衡的特征,保定、唐山、张家口、石家庄、秦皇岛地区分布密度较高,呈现出典型的核心—边缘扩散特征;（2）时间维度上。河北省A级景区增长态势出现3个波段,即“较快增长期”（2000—2005年）、“平缓增长期”（2005—2008年）、“快速增长期”（2008—2014年）,景区内部的发展呈现出非均匀的分层级的差异特征;景区分布重心随着时间的发展不同程度地由东北向西南方向偏移,景区等级与景区分布均匀程度呈现出高度的正相关。     

旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量的影响

为探讨旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量综合影响的程度,2008年以5个核心景点区土壤为研究对象,采用土壤质量综合指数进行评价,结果表明:(1)景点土壤容重比对照点平均增加了43.0%,而土壤的非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、最大持水量、最小持水量及毛管持水量平均下降了31.4%、27.2%、28.7%、26.6%、26.9%及30.8%;(2)旅游干扰使一些景点的pH下降,另一些景点的pH增大,景点土壤有机质、全N、水解N及全P平均下降的比率较大,分别为46.05%、49.74%、56.71%及42.75%,全K、速效K和有效P则表现为增大或减少不定的变化趋势;(3)不同景点土壤质量综合指数表现为:大红袍(0.601)>水帘洞(0.382)>大王峰(0.327)>一线天(0.264)>天游峰(0.238).旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量已产生了严重的影响,据此提出了旅游可持续发展的几点建议.     

新疆旅游饭店等级、规模、空间结构的分析与对策

旅游饭店的档次结构、规模结构和空间结构特征是衡量旅游饭店业和地区旅游业供给特征的重要指标。本文从档次、规模、空间分布等多角度分析新疆旅游涉外饭店的发展现状 ,发现新疆旅游饭店的产业规模逐渐扩大的同时 ,旅游饭店等级、规模及空间结构等却存在诸多不合理性。从国内外旅游饭店业发展的经验分析 ,如果不妥善处理这种不合理性 ,将会影响新疆旅游饭店业的健康发展     

华山客源市场结构和游客行为调查分析

本文结合对华山游客进行的问卷调查 ,对华山的客源市场和游客行为作了初步的分析。其中客源市场结构分析包括地域结构、时间结构、性别构成、年龄构成、职业构成、教育程度构成和收入构成等 ,游客行为分析包括区外交通选择、目的构成、消费构成、组织情况构成、逗留时间构成、线路安排情况、对媒体的感知、游客的重游率和满意度等。这两方面的研究 ,将有助于华山旅游的市场开拓战略和旅游政策的制定。     

Evidence of the development of ‘domain‐restricted’ expertise in the recognition of asymmetric motion characteristics of hindlimb lameness in the horse

Reasons for performing study: Visual assessment of horses' movements is subjective, affected by bias and dependent on the level of experience of the assessor. However, to date there are no data available on the ability of the human visual system to recognise (a)symmetry in moving objects. Objectives: To investigate, using visual lameness assessment, the limits of human perception and the ability of experienced and nonexperienced individuals to detect asymmetry in 2 moving objects simulating hindlimb lameness in the horse. Methods: Twelve experienced individuals (equine and small animal clinicians), and 24 nonexperienced individuals (undergraduate veterinary students) were presented with computer simulations showing 2 ‘tuber coxae markers’ created using data from both lame and nonperceptibly lame horses, as well as artificial data based on a sine wave. Individuals were asked to classify as symmetrical or asymmetrical, and then rank based on the grade of perceived asymmetry. Repeatability and learning effect were evaluated by repeating the tests on a subset of subjects. Results: The threshold for detection of movement asymmetry was found to be approximately 25% difference in amplitude between the 2 moving objects for all individuals. There was no significant difference between experienced and nonexperienced individuals in the ability to detect asymmetry in the simulations based on artificial data. However, the percentage of correct answers was higher for experienced compared to nonexperienced individuals for simulations based on data from real lame horses. Conclusions: There was a significant difference between experienced and nonexperienced individuals in the ability to identify asymmetric movement based on the pattern seen in a lame horse, as opposed to an artificial pattern for which all individuals showed similar performance. Potential relevance: The study provides the basis for the development of computer simulations that could aid in training veterinarians in the diagnosis of lameness and, even, the objective assessment of expertise in this field.     

半农半牧区农户生产现状及对气候变化的感知与应对——基于内蒙古林西县的调查研究

半农半牧区是全球气候变化反应敏感的生态脆弱带。该地区农业基础设施落后,人口与资源矛盾突出,生产力水平低下,经济欠发达,受气候变化影响,农民的生产生活水平的维持与提高面临着十分严峻的挑战。本调查研究以内蒙古赤峰市林西县为例,利用1954~2009年气象数据资料分析了该地区56年来年际和主要季节温度、降水变化趋势;同时,选用60个农户家庭调查样本,研究了农户家庭基本状况与经营现状、农牧户家庭对气候变化及其影响的感知与应对策略。最后,在全面总结研究结果的基础上提出增强农户家庭气候变化适应能力的对策建议。     

骆驼峰森林公园旅游气候资源适宜性评价

旅游气候资源是旅游开发中的重要自然资源之一,丰富的气候资源不仅具有特殊的景观功能,同时也影响着人们的旅游活动。根据黑龙江省木兰县气象统计资料和观测资料,对骆驼峰森林公园旅游气候资源进行气温、风速、相对湿度和空气负离子等方面的特征分析,利用W H Terjung舒适指数、风效指数对骆驼峰森林公园的旅游气候资源进行分析与评价,得出公园区内四季分明,旅游气候条件优越,适宜旅游的舒适期及全年可游览天数可达6个月,总体旅游舒适期长,空气质量高,总体旅游气候适宜的结论,并针对公园气候资源在其地域的天然优势,利用其特殊的观景功能,为了增强气候产品的内涵和合理利用其独特性．对公园内一年四季旅游气候产品的开发利用提出意见和建议。     

明光市生态旅游资源现状与开发保护对策

明光市地处皖东,生态环境良好,山、水、林等自然景观兼备,生态旅游资源丰富.为了缓解未来旅游发展和环境保护之间的矛盾,为明光市旅游开发提供科学依据,在充分调研的基础上,对明光市旅游资源现状进行分析,探讨其生态旅游开发的可行性,并对明光市生态旅游资源的保护与开发提出了建议.     

宗教旅游地居民旅游感知影响因素研究——以南岳为例

以南岳衡山为例,采用问卷调查的方法对影响宗教旅游地居民旅游感知态度的因素进行了研究。结果表明,社区归属感、对旅游业的依赖程度、对基础资源的使用情况3类因素与旅游影响变量显著相关。