From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.     

多年生香豌豆在黄土高原地区引种适宜性评价

多年生香豌豆从美国引种后在黄土高原大部分地区的适应性较强。结合气候相似法、模糊综合评判法以及引种栽培试验,得出多年生香豌豆的适生中心区位于气温适中的黄土高原中部呈西南～东北走向的一个狭长地带,主要包括黄土高原沟壑区、丘陵沟壑区二副区、三副区以及太行山西部山地类型。     

苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性分析研究

本文以适生性评判指标分析为基础,采用生物学建模与GIS分析相结合的方法,依据我国677个气象站点的逐月气温数据以及全国土壤pH等值线图,对苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性作了分析研究。结果表明,苜蓿黄萎病菌在我国的适生性强,适生范围较广,每年4~9月份,该病菌在我国西北、东北以及华北地区的适生程度处于较高水平。鉴于此,我国应加强苜蓿黄萎病菌的植物检疫措施力度,严防该病的传入或扩散。     

南美叶疫病菌适生因子及地理分布

南美叶疫病是橡胶树的一种毁灭性病害。依据已有的研究,本文综述了南美叶疫病菌的适生因子、地理起源、传播历史、地理分布以及适生因子与该菌地理分布的关系,旨在为该菌的风险分析提供依据。     

Breeding for Improved Oil Quality in Brassica Oilseed Species

Abstract

Oil quality in vegetable oils is determined by both nutritional and functional aspects, which are, in turn, primarily determined by the fatty acid profile (i.e., fatty acid composition) of the oil. The naturally occurring fatty acid composition of Brassica oils has been extensively modified using conventional plant breeding and biotechnology-based techniques to create unique and improved quality vegetable oils. New Brassica cultivars displaying a wide range of edible oil qualities have been developed, and commercialized in recent years. Improved Brassica cultivars which produce an industrial oil have also been developed and commercialized in the last two decades. World vegetable oil markets are highly competitive, so the steady improvement in oil quality of the Brassica oilseeds is essential to maintain or increase market share, and/or to create new niche markets. The main challenges facing Brassica oilseed breeders are (1) to determine the desirable fatty acid profiles of the oil for each end-use market application to create improved oils and (2) to quickly develop improved Brassica cultivars which can produce the new fatty acid profile oils at competitive prices.     

立地类型对于造林类型适宜性评定初探

根据生态因子综合作用律和最小因子作用律,用偏好值和偏好权重表示树种对立地因子项目及其级（类）别的喜好或忌怕等生态习性,综合评定立地类型对于造林类型的适宜程度,为适地适树探索出一个新途径。     

基于AHP法的城市公园景观适老性评价与分析

在大量青壮年劳动力外流,日趋老龄化的中小型城市中,如何利用城市自身景观资源,结合老年人对户外活动的需求,满足老年人的心理及生理健康,加强建设中小型城市适老性景观建设具有重要意义。以福建省南平市延平区4个主要城市公园为对象,通过层次分析法,模糊综合评价法,构建适老性景观评价体系,结合大量本地老年人的调查问卷,对4个城市公园适老性景观进行综合评价,针对调查结果提出适老性景观的改造意见,为进一步推动城市山地公园及滨水公园的适老性景观改造提供参考。     

基于适宜概率模型的柑橘生产空间模拟变化

土地利用/土地覆被变化模拟是土地科学的重要内容。随着全球变化研究的不断深入,LUCC变化模拟已逐步深入到农作物空间。开展长时序农作物空间变化模拟有助于揭示农业生产过程中“人类-自然”综合体的复杂关系。然而目前农作物空间模拟研究较少,已有模型在空间映射关系,对象识别等尚存技术局限,模型应用也主要集中在粮食作物。本文构建了基于适宜概率的柑橘生产空间分配模型,对四川省柑橘生产空间分布进行了模拟研究。结果显示：该模型较好地反映了1980—2015年柑橘统计特征,各时期统计面积和模拟面积的相对误差均＜25%。在县域尺度上,统计面积和模拟面积的相关系数在0.987 6~0.999 9,呈现明显的线性相关,达到了极显著相关。1980—2015年间,四川省柑橘空间快速扩张,柑橘模拟面积的时序变化与统计面积一致。柑橘空间集中在川中丘陵区和成都平原区。空间格局从分散零星向区域集聚转变,大致形成了成都平原、川南、川东北3个柑橘集中区。SPAM-Citrus模型误差受空间分辨率、空间分配规则、土地覆被、作物分布点的共同影响。在应用中应尽量选择种植年限较长的采样点,同时面向研究对象和区域,选择合适分辨率和空间分配规则,提高预测结果的准确性。     

宁夏番茄气候适宜度变化特征分析

本文探讨了宁夏地区番茄气候适宜度的分布规律,旨在为宁夏番茄种植的区域规划提供参考。根据宁夏1981—2016年的气象观测资料和番茄生育期数据,建立气候适宜度模型,分析各气象因子适宜度变化特征。结果表明：日照适宜度在各气象要素中表现最好,是宁夏番茄生长最有利的气象因素;降水适宜度在空间上呈南高北低分布,年际变率较大,是影响气候适宜度年际变化的关键因子;温度适宜度在不同生育期变率大,是制约宁夏番茄种植的主要气象因素,且逐渐向更为有利的条件发展。宁夏中北部4个市的气候适宜度均较高,固原市的气候条件不利于番茄的生长发育。从气候适宜度分布上看,宁夏中北部地区番茄种植的气候适宜度最好,气候条件整体最有利于番茄生长。