基于环境卫星数据和实测地物光谱数据估算中稻面积

为准确获取水稻种植面积,提高遥感监测精度,利用环境卫星数据,在农作物掩膜的基础上,结合野外实测地物光谱确定端元组分,采用线性光谱混合模型提取湖北省监利县中稻种植面积,将其结果分别与统计数据和实地调查数据相比较。结果表明：采用确定端元选取的方法是可行的,其混合像元分解方法提取作物面积总量精度为93.68%;样本精度为83.67%。因此,利用HJ卫星影像数据开展平原地区水稻遥感监测可为政府决策部门提供信息服务。     

稻纵卷叶螟危害后水稻叶片的光谱特征

【目的】阐明水稻受稻纵卷叶螟危害后不同受害程度的叶片、卷叶的分布形式及卷叶率对稻叶光谱特征的影响,获取诊断水稻受害程度的模型,以便为稻纵卷叶螟的遥感监测提供理论指标与方法。【方法】试验以不同受害等级的虫害叶及健康叶为材料,在室内恒定条件下采用ASD光谱仪分别测定不同受害程度、受害叶片的不同分布形式、及不同卷叶率下稻叶的光谱反射率,并采用直线回归法,建立基于光谱参数的水稻受害程度诊断模型。【结果】水稻虫害叶光谱反射率均随受害等级的增加,在绿光区(530—570nm)和近红外区(700—1050nm)降低,而在红光区(610—700nm)增加。能反演叶片受害程度的敏感波段为530—564nm、614—695nm和706—1050nm。建立了5个反演叶片受害程度的模型,诊断准确率在80%—90%之间,并且以741nm处的反射率对叶片受害程度的诊断效果最好。在卷叶率恒定的条件下,卷叶的分布位置对光谱反射率影响较小;而卷叶率对光谱反射率的影响较大,表现为随卷叶率的增大,450—500nm和610—700nm处的反射率增大,530—570nm和700—1050nm处反射率降低。差值植被指数(Rnir-Rred)、黄边面积(SDy)及红边面积与蓝边面积的差值(SDr-SDb)等指标均能将6个不同等级的卷叶率(0、10%、30%、50%、70%和90%)区分开,并且利用黄边面积(SDy)指标诊断卷叶率的准确率达86%。【结论】水稻受稻纵卷叶螟为害后,在叶片光谱反射率上有明显的表现,可以利用光谱特征来监测稻叶的受害程度及卷叶率大小。     

Laplacian谱半径和阶数相等的c圈图

设G是1个无向的简单图,ν表示G的阶数,mG(ν)表示ν作为G的Laplacian矩阵的特征值的重数.得到了Laplacian谱半径等于阶数的所有c圈图,研究了c与mG(ν)之间的关系.给出了当G是森林、单圈图、双圈图、三圈图、四圈图时mG(ν)的取值范围,并确定了mG(ν)(≥1)在该取值范围内取不同值时的所有图.     

基于高光谱植被指数的马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量估测模型

【目的】筛选相关性好的植被指数构建马铃薯叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b估测模型,为科学、无损地进行马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量估算提供技术支撑。【方法】采用便携式高光谱地物波谱仪,获取不同施氮水平下不同生育时期的马铃薯植株叶片光谱反射率,提取植被指数,测定马铃薯叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量,并研究叶绿素含量与植被指数的相关性。【结果】12个植被指数与叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量相关性较好,其中修正归一化差异指数(mND_(705))、修正简单比值指数(mSR_(705))、地面叶绿素指数(MTCI)、修改叶绿素吸收反射指数(MCARI)与叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量相关性最好。基于这4个植被指数建立的估测模型中,MTCI构建的乘幂模型估测叶绿素a含量的效果最佳,mND_(705)构建的指数模型估测叶绿素b含量的效果最佳。【结论】MTCI构建的乘幂模型能较为精确地估测叶绿素a含量,mND_(705)构建的指数模型能较为精确地估测叶绿素b含量;这2种模型可用于间接监测马铃薯植株的氮营养亏缺状态。     

毛竹林HJ-1HIS专题信息的响应与识别

受目标地物分布地形影响和高光谱的可达10-2λ的光谱敏感性响应等因素影响,高光谱影像中存在严重的信息重叠现象,增加地物的识别难度。通过分析毛竹林与马尾松、杉木、硬阔、经济林等主要森林类型在HJ-1 HIS影像中的光谱相似性、可分性,确定出可适用于毛竹信息提取的高光谱波段,并比对毛竹专题信息提取精度。结果表明,毛竹与马尾松、杉木、硬阔、经济林4种森林类型的原始光谱曲线规律基本一致,光谱差异较小;光谱变换后,在波长753~765 nm和908~917 nm处,各森林类型间光谱差异明显,毛竹与其他森林类型在第1、2、5、9、10、45、59、60、61、109、110、111、112、113、114、115等波段具有较好的可分性,这些波段可用于毛竹专题信息的提取,所选特征波段组合的图像较原始图像的分类总精度提高12.61%,提取竹林面积共计34 117 hm~2。     

干旱区土壤含水量光谱特征分析与反演

[目的]建立土壤含水量遥感监测模型。[方法]选取陕西省横山县作为研究区,以野外原位光谱测量数据和实验室内测得的土壤含水量为基础,进行高光谱数据处理,分析土壤含水量的光谱特征;对实测土壤光谱反射率进行倒数、对数、均方根及其一阶导数微分等光谱变化换,计算高光谱指数,并与土壤样本含水量进行相关性分析,筛选对土壤含水量敏感的光谱特征波段,利用多元线性回归分析建立土壤含水量监测模型。[结果]随着土壤含水量的增加,土壤光谱反射率呈减小趋势。土壤含水量与光谱指数的特征波段呈良好的线性关系,所有模型均通过了0.01水平的显著性检验。模型精度验证表明,预测值与实测含水量相关系数较高,特别是反射率倒数一阶微分模型,在0.01显著性水平下,相关系数为0.886。[结论]该研究建立的土壤含水量遥感反演模型可行有效,通过了有效性检验,在一定程度上可以用来反演研究区土壤含水量。     

Interpretation of infrared spectra for OM characterization of soil structural surfaces of Bt‐horizons

The surfaces of macropores or aggregates can act as hot spots for biogeochemical processes and solute transport during preferential flow. For the characterization of organic matter (OM) at macropore surfaces non‐destructive methods have been applied such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT). However, effects of organic components on DRIFT signal intensities are often difficult to distinguish from those of mineral components. Here, DRIFT spectra from intact earthworm burrow walls and coated cracks were re‐evaluated to improve the interpretation of C–H and C=O bands. We compared DRIFT and transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of entire samples that were from the same pedogenetic soil horizon (Bt) but different in mineral composition and texture (i.e., glacial till vs. loess). Spectra of incinerated samples were subtracted from the original spectra. Transmission FTIR and DRIFT spectra were almost identical for entire soil samples. However, the DRIFT spectra were affected by the bulk mode bands (i.e., wavenumbers 2000 to 1700 cm^?1). These bands affected spectral resolution and reproducibility. The ratios between C–H and C=O band intensities as indicator for OM quality obtained with DRIFT were smaller than those obtained from transmission FTIR. The results demonstrated that DRIFT and transmission FTIR data required separate interpretations. DRIFT spectroscopy as a non‐destructive method for analyzing OM composition at intact surfaces in structured soils could be calibrated with information obtained with the more detailed transmission FTIR and complementary methods. Spectral subtraction procedure was found useful to reduce effects of mineral absorption bands. The improved DRIFT data may be related to other soil properties (e.g., cation exchange capacity) of hot spots in structured soils.     

牛顿插值法在植被红边拟合中的应用

植被的定量遥感是近年来研究的一个热点,而红边参数能够很好地反映植被的一些信息,是植被生理生化参数反演的一个重要指标。本研究基于数值分析学科引入牛顿插值法来拟合植被的红边曲线,通过光谱微分的手段求出红边的位置。结果表明,与传统的几种求红边位置的方法相比,牛顿插值法能高精度地求出红边的位置。用牛顿插值法拟合出3种不同植被的红边,得到红边位置,表明了牛顿插值法对植被反射光谱的敏感性。     

Postnatal autonomic activity in the preterm lamb

Background

Early postnatal abnormalities of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, including at baseline and following cardiorespiratory challenge, are involved in apneas-bradycardias of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events of infancy and sudden infant death syndrome. Literature data suggest that baseline ANS activity does not mature normally after premature birth.

Objectives

This study performed in preterm lambs was aimed at assessing ANS maturation at baseline and following laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCR), a group of reflexes triggered by the contact of liquids with the laryngeal mucosa.

Methods

Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRs) were measured at baseline and after LCR during polysomnographic recordings performed in five non-sedated lambs born 15 days prematurely. Laryngeal chemoreflexes were induced by distilled water or acid (pH 2) during sleep and wakefulness on postnatal days 7 (D7) and 14 (D14, full-term equivalence).

Results

While the life-threatening cardiorespiratory events of the LCR observed at D7 were no longer present at D14, baseline and post-LCR HRV and BRs indices were significantly lower at D14 compared to D7 (up to p < 0.001). These results suggest that an initial autonomic overactivity was present at D7 and normalized at D14.

Conclusion

The autonomic cardiac and baroreflex control appears to follow a specific evolution in the preterm compared to the full-term newborn lamb, with an important initial autonomic stress, which normalizes at an age equivalent to full-term. Potential relevance of these findings in relation to anomalies of cardiac control in the early postnatal period, such as apneas-bradycardias of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events of infancy and sudden infant death syndrome, awaits further studies.     

一种新的对数能量谱熵语音端点检测方法

将一种新的对数能量(LE)特征和谱熵(SE)特征相结合,提出一种新的对数能量谱熵(LESE)特征,采用模糊C均值聚类算法和贝叶斯信息准则算法进行LESE特征门限估计,并使用双门限法进行语音端点检测.在TIMIT连续语音库上的实验结果表明,相比于能量谱熵(EE)法和对数能量(LE)法,在噪声环境下LESE法具有更好的检测性能,表现出更好的稳健性.当信噪比为-5 dB时,LESE法的检测错误率仅为18.02%,在信噪比为0~10 dB时,其检测错误率要明显低于EE法和LE法.