华北地区旅游型村镇住居模式探讨——以保定涞源白石山景区为例

村镇型旅游发展中,旅游者在当地村民家中留宿,村镇的个性化接待和朴素环境让人们赞不绝口,但由于其自发性和无组织性,现在存在设计不得当,经营模式不健全等弊端.研究以河北省涞源县白石山景区为例,分析其存在的问题,旨在为旅游型住居模式的设计与经营提供更为合理的方法与策略.     

中国国土空间规划研究进展与展望——基于CiteSpace知识图谱分析

【目的/意义】国土空间规划对促进可持续发展具有重要意义。通过梳理国土空间规划研究网络,可理清不同时期的研究内容及热点演化趋势,并对后续研究者提供参考。【方法/过程】利用CiteSpace知识图谱和文献计量分析方法,对国土空间规划进行计量统计分析,探究当前发展情况,进而分阶段探讨国土空间规划研究内容。【结果/结论】结果表明:(1)1992年以来国土空间规划文献发文量显著上升,多学科交叉日益加强,其中地理学和城乡规划学排在前两位。(2)研究人员和研究机构多集中在东部大城市地区,研究者之间合作较少,合作化程度较低。(3)国土空间规划研究分为缓慢发展、快速增长和日趋成熟三个阶段,具有鲜明的时代特征。研究内容不断深入,由分散趋向统一,但政策导向性明显,生态理念逐渐凸显。     

Impact of urban park’s tree,grass and waterbody on microclimate in hot summer days: A case study of Olympic Park in Beijing,China

Urban heat island (UHI) often cause negative impact and has been linked to heart stroke rate, morality, human comfort, energy consumption and air pollution. Fortunately, urban green spaces have been considered as an effective element to mitigate UHI through their cooling effect. However, further empirical research is necessary in order to efficiently guide the design and planning of urban green space. We observed the impacts of urban park's tree, grass and waterbody on microclimate inside the Olympic park of Beijing during summer days. The results indicated that, on average, the park was 0.48–1.12 °C cooler during the day, as well as increased air humidity 2.39–3.74% and reduced human comfort index 1.02–2.43 to generate more comfortable thermal environment. Urban park's cluster trees with short ground vegetation generated higher cooling effect than single trees, grass and waterbodies; proper irrigation regime enhanced the cooling effect of grasses, even the irrigated grass have similar cooling effect with small waterbody on sunny, windless summer days. Therefore, we advise to increase undergrowth coverage and grass irrigation management in order to take advantage of cooling effect of urban parks.     

高寒区施肥和混播对燕麦人工草地土壤碳氮储量及垂直分布特征的影响

了解高寒地区燕麦人工草地在燕麦品种、施肥措施和混播水平下土壤碳氮储量潜力及垂直分布动态，为高寒地区燕麦人工草地建植提供理论依据。采用4个燕麦品种（A1：青燕1号，Avena sativa cv. Qingyan No.1；A2：林纳，A. sativa cv. Lena；A3：青海444，A. sativa cv. Qinghai 444；A4：青海甜燕麦，A. sativa cv. Qinghai）、4个施肥水平（B1：不施任何肥料，CK0；B2：尿素75kg/hm2+磷酸二铵150kg/hm2，IM；B3：有机肥1500 kg/hm2，OM；B4：尿素37.5 kg/hm2+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm2+有机肥750 kg/hm2，IM+OM）和4个箭筈豌豆混播水平（C1：0 kg/hm2；C2：45 kg/hm2；C3：60 kg/hm2；C4：75 kg/hm2）的三因素四水平正交试验设计[L16(45)]，在燕麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、乳熟期和收获后期研究了3个因素对高寒区燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量的影响极其垂直分布特征，为高寒区燕麦人工草地土壤固C、固N潜力评估提供理论依据。品种、施肥和混播均显著影响了燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量。3个因素在作物生长期对土壤C储量的积累的影响大小表现为施肥＞混播＞品种，收获后期表现为混播＞施肥＞品种；各时期对土壤N储量的影响大小均表现为施肥＞混播＞品种。采用尿素37.5 kg/hm2+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm2+有机肥750 kg/hm2的施肥处理，混播75 kg/hm2箭筈豌豆建植的燕麦人工草地土壤C、N储量最高。施肥措施造成燕麦人工草地各时期不同土层间土壤C、N储量的差异。在3种措施影响下燕麦人工草地0~50cm土层土壤C、N储量潜力分别为176.78 t/hm2和11.78 t/hm2。土壤C、N随着土层的加深而逐渐下降，0~20cm土层土壤C、N储量显著高于其它土层。     

基于产品空间理论的中国林业产业升级特征分析

林业产业如何进行转型升级是实现林业现代化与高质量发展中的重要一环。本文基于产品空间理论，使用聚类热图和复杂网络方法，构建1962—2017年中国林业产业产品空间，从产品复杂度和优势林产品变化两个角度分析林业产业升级特征。结果表明，新获得优势林产品复杂度高，为0.31，传统失势林产品较低，为-0.21，表征林业产业已朝附加值更高的有利方向升级，但传统优势林产品复杂度较低，说明林业产业已有优势产品竞争激烈不利于升级。产品复杂度较高的潜在优势林产品是林业机械、机械零件和林化产品，优势林产品在产品空间中的变化存在一定路径依赖，先扩散后收敛于产品空间的中心位置，政府制定的林业产业政策与全球化背景可能促进了优势林产品升级。因此，政府制定产业政策时，应对不同优势类型林产品采取差异化策略，应完善产品复杂度低的传统优势林产品市场退出机制；减少与优势林产品距离较近的潜在优势林产品政策干预，对距离较远的复杂度高的潜在优势林产品使用补贴等方式引导升级。     

Incorporating local ecological knowledge into urban riparian restoration in a mountainous region of Southwest China

Modern cities use straightened and concrete watercourses with simple greening for riparian zones, which has been criticised for insensitivity to natural system integrity and cultural identity. This increases the challenge to urban ecologists, landscape designers and managers to conceive innovative and effective design solutions that do not jeopardise hydraulic efficiency yet are culturally acceptable to local communities. This paper introduces the field of local ecological knowledge (LEK) as rich sources of inspiration and design solutions to meet this challenge. LEK refers to knowledge and practices of various local cultures about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with their environments. Wepropose a pragmatic framework that integrates LEK with modern landscape design. It includes steps: (1) investigate existing practices, skills andmeasures relating to LEK; (2) explore how and whereLEKcan inspire or integrate withdesign. Here we propose three aspects for integration in accordance with the nature of landscaping process: overall structure, component and maintenance.(3)evaluate and test the integration in terms of its acceptability by local communities. Taking the riparian revegetation project of Hanfeng Lake Urban Wetland Park (Chongqing Municipality) as an example, we illustrate the utility of this framework. 11 local common practices relating to LEK were identified. According to thethree aspects for integration, alternative design solutions were offered. The survey showed that LEK based designwas more highly valued than other conventional ways in terms of useracceptance. We conclude that LEK provides actionable ecologically sound and culturally desirablesolutions for urbanlandscape. We also recognise that LEK evolveswith changing environments and new harmonious and dynamic human-nature relationships arecontinually re-forming. The process of acquisition and application of LEK could encourage multidisciplinary and synthetic approaches to urban ecosystems. Such adaptability and interdisciplinary engagementare crucial totoday’schanging and complexurban environments.     

湘桂走廊白背飞虱早期虫源及灾变大气背景

为阐明湘桂走廊白背飞虱早期虫源及大气背景在其北迁过程中的影响,利用HYSPLIT软件模拟白背飞虱灾变性迁入高峰期、始见期后向轨迹,分别从个性及共性角度,分析湘桂走廊白背飞虱主要虫源地及其灾变大气背景。结果表明：（1）1991—2014年湘桂走廊白背飞虱的迁入始见期、首次迁入高峰期分别为0.9 d/10 a、1.6 d/10 a;（2）西南路径是湘桂走廊白背飞虱初始虫源迁入的主要路径,永福站、兴安站和全州站虫源西南路径占比分别为54%、50%、72%;（3）中南半岛白背飞虱借助微弱上升气流完成起飞,850 hPa高度上的强劲的西南气流、丰富的水汽条件有利于其北迁,降水是白背飞虱降落的重要大气动力机制。研究结果为白背飞虱的异地监测及科学防治提供科学依据。     

Effects of CO2 Enrichment and Drought on Photosynthesis,Growth and Yield of an Old and a Modern Barley Cultivar

Susceptibility of crops to drought may change under atmospheric CO₂ enrichment. We tested the effects of CO₂ enrichment and drought on the older malting barley cultivar Golden Promise (GP) and the recent variety Bambina (BA). Hypothesizing that CO₂ enrichment mitigates the adverse effects of drought and that GP shows a stronger response to CO₂ enrichment than BA, plants of both cultivars were grown in climate chambers. Optimal and reduced watering levels and two CO₂ concentrations (380 and 550 ppm) were used to investigate photosynthetic parameters, growth and yield. In contrast to expectations, CO₂ increased total plant biomass by 34 % in the modern cultivar while the growth stimulation was not significant in GP. As a reaction to drought, BA showed reduced biomass under elevated CO₂, which was not seen in GP. Grain yield and harvest index (HI) were negatively influenced by drought and increased by CO₂ enrichment. BA formed higher grain yield and had higher water‐use efficiency of grain yield and HI compared to GP. CO₂ fertilization compensated for the negative effect of drought on grain yield and HI, especially in GP. Stomatal conductance proved to be the gas exchange parameter most sensitive to drought. Photosynthetic rate of BA showed more pronounced reaction to drought compared to GP. Overall, BA turned out to respond more intense to changes in water supply and CO₂ enrichment than the older GP.     

基于GIS的村级尺度统计数据空间化方法与时序分析初探

选择重庆市巴南区石龙镇大连村、大兴村、白马村、金星村、合路村、柏树村、大桥村、大园村和中伦村9个行政村作为研究区,将研究区的遥感影像、数字高程模型、行政界线等数据的空间参考坐标系统一为1980西安坐标系,选择2006-2012年研究区的农用肥施用量数据作为村级尺度统计数据空间化方法研究的研究数据,利用专家打分法对不同土地利用类型与农用肥施用之间的相关性进行打分,分值范围是0~1分。结合村级行政界线、行政村面积、农用肥施用量、土地利用数据和专家打分结果,构建农用肥施用数据空间化模型,分别生成2006-2012年村级农用肥施用数据空间化分布栅格数据,栅格尺度选择1、10、100和200 m这4种,并对栅格化结果进行对比分析。同时,对2006-2012年的农用肥施用空间分布数据进行时序分析,获取农用肥施用量的动态变化趋势。通过研究得到以下结论:1村级农用肥施用量数据空间化尺度与土地利用数据的类型及空间分辨率有关;2研究区各行政村农用肥施用量在2006-2012年期间总体变化趋于平稳。本研究对于实现村级统计数据空间化方法具有一定的参考意义,而空间化后的村级统计数据对于进行村镇区域规划、土地整改、生态环境保护等具有重要指导意义。     

规划衔接与建设用地空间管制协调研究

在前人研究的基础上,总结了上一轮土地利用规划实施过程中存在的问题,研究规划衔接的重要性和必要性。从剖析比较各类规划,特别是土地利用总体规划和城乡规划的内容和侧重点差异性的基础上,提出规划衔接的可行性及方法,探讨了规划衔接与建设用地空间管制的主要内容及协调对策,提出了对相关研究和新一轮规划编制的建议。