阔叶红松林主要树种幼树对干旱胁迫的响应

以组成我国北方典型阔叶红松林森林生态系统的主要树种水曲柳、红松、蒙古栎、紫椴和核桃楸为研究对象,模拟不同土壤水分变化对树木生物量、光合特征和水分利用率的影响,分析我国北方典型森林生态系统对未来气候干旱化的响应及适应机制,提出北方典型森林生态系统对未来气候变暖引起的对干旱化的响应与适应对策。     

Overstory and shrub effects on natural regeneration processes in native Pinus radiata stands

Native Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) stands on the Monterey peninsula have been significantly modified by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The exclusion of fire and the introduction of pitch canker (caused by Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell) created a need for the examination of these changing ecosystems with respect to regeneration, especially as these stands reach mature ages. We established 210 plots on 35 transects distributed throughout five stands in order to describe the current stand structure and quantify the extent and condition of regeneration. The results indicated that Monterey pine seedling establishment varies throughout the peninsula depending on percent canopy cover, duff and litter depth, and percent shrub cover while seedling growth is influenced by percent shrub cover. Canopy cover was also found to inversely influence shrub cover. Our study highlights the importance of understory removal to increase Monterey pine regeneration and seedling growth as canopy cover decreases, especially in areas where coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum E. Greene) are abundant.     

加勒比松不同容器与基质育苗试验

试验结果表明，苗木５个月生时苗高生长，舒根型育苗器〉薄膜育苗袋〉硬塑管育苗器，已充分腐熟的木糠和高质量火烧土是两种优良的加勒比松育苗基质，基质的９种配方，１，２配方芽苗上袋成活率很低，６，７配方苗木生长最好。     

丰林保护区阔叶红松林红松根腐规律的研究

本文是以丰林保护区阔叶红松成过熟林木为研究对象,通过对红松株数,无腐率、心腐率、边腐率统计结果表明:心腐率随根径的增大而增加,且以林分类型为主要因子而转移,林分中红松成过熟林木无腐朽率为19.4%、心腐率为75.3%、边腐率为5.3%.     

土壤益生菌对盆栽马尾松苗生长的影响

将固氮菌、解磷菌、解钾菌按不同组合接种到盆栽的马尾松幼苗根部,结果表明:2号固氮菌 解磷菌组合处理的苗木高生长比对照增长11.6%;2号固氮菌处理的苗木地径生长比对照增长23.3%;两种固氮菌 解磷菌 解钾菌组合处理的苗木生物量分别比对照增长45.5%和48.8%。而土壤中的N、P、K元素的含量也发生了明显的变化,1号固氮菌则使土壤含氮量增加54.2%,其它处理均使土壤含氮量减少。可溶性磷增加20.0%~50.0%,可溶性钾增加144.4%~277.8%。     

汽相法马尾松脱脂技术研究

松树是中国主要的人工林树种,其蓄积量最大,分布地域最广。但由于富含树脂,其用途受到很大限制,因此松木脱脂成为扩大其利用价值的重要手段。基于传统的脱脂方法不甚理想的状况,阐述了1种新的脱脂工艺方法,此方法不仅保证脱脂率,而且大大降低了加工成本。     

营林技术措施对马尾松毛虫灾害影响的研究

营林技术措施控制松毛虫灾害的研究结果表明：营林技术措施对松毛虫灾害有明显的控制作用，直接影响了森林生态系统，包括对森林植物群落、森林小气候、昆虫及其它动物群落产生影响；并可使树木生理发生变化，诱发林木的抗虫性，从而达到控制马尾松毛虫灾害的目的。     

Effects of forest floor planting and stock type on growth and root emergence of Pinus contorta seedlings in a cold northern cutblock

A two-year field trial was conducted to determine the growth response, and root emergence pattern of interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings in response to container type and forest floor removal. Seedlings were grown in Styroblocks^TM, Copperblocks^TM, or AirBlocks^TM, and were planted directly into the undisturbed forest floor or into manually prepared planting spots where the forest floor had been scraped away to expose the mineral soil. Seedlings planted into scalped planting spots exhibited marginally but significantly (7%) greater above-ground growth rates (seedling stem volume); whereas seedlings planted into the forest floor produced significantly more (11%) new roots. There were no differences in above- or below-ground biomass. Seedlings grown in Copperblock^TM containers produced a higher proportion of roots near the top of the plug when tested at lifting, however this pattern was not observed in the field. Given that scalping is more costly than forest floor planting, and that the increased shoot growth was relatively small, we recommend that forest floor planting be considered as an alternative to manual spot scalping for sites, such as the site tested here: those with cold, but well-drained soils and where competition from other plants is not a serious problem.     

湿地松林分间伐对材种结构的影响研究

根据间伐8年后的湿地松林分生长和主伐造材调查结果，建立了胸径和断面积等与林分保留密度及本底断面积的回归关系，分析比较了不同间伐强度对林木径阶分布和造材材种结构的影响效果。研究结果表明，间伐后林分保留密度对林木胸径和断面积生长以及材种结构等均产生显著影响；尾径20cm及以上规格的材种出材率随间伐强度增大而增大，而14cm及以下规格的材种出材率则随间伐强度的增大而减小。不同伐对照总的出材量虽比间伐的大，但增加的部分主要为较小规格的材种。     

冬季马尾松树上昆虫和蜘蛛群落结构的分析

1999年12-2000上1月在皖南2个林场马尾松林中各设立2块样地，每月调查1次，查得马尾松树上12目，35科共62种昆虫和蜘蛛，益害物种数之比为1．26，益害个体数之比为0．62，天敌种数稍多于害虫，优势目是双翅目，同翅目，鞘翅目，鳞翅目，膜翅目和蜘蛛目，植食性，捕食性，寄生性昆虫和蜘蛛的物种数分别为30，8，10和20。冬季少数生物还在活动，月间的总物种数和总个体数有所波动，常年放菌治虫的载公山林场益害比移样性指数稍大于滥用农药的麻姑山林场。马尾松树树上和树皮下是昆虫 和 蜘蛛重要的越冬场所。