Effects of continuous spectrum LEDs used in indoor cultivation of two coniferous species Pinus sylvestris L. and Abies borisii-regis Mattf

The effects of four different continuous spectrum LED light qualities on the growth characteristics of Pinus sylvestris L. (PS) and Abies borisii-regis Mattf. (AB) seedlings were studied. The seedlings were exposed for 35 days inside growth chambers to G2 (high in red and far-red), AP67 (high in blue and far-red), AP67-ARCH (high in green), and NS2 (high in blue including a small percentage in the UV area) LEDs, as well as fluorescent light (FL) as Control. Each species showed a unique light-adapted response. G2 treatment stimulated needle formation of PS seedlings, while AB seedlings were unaffected. Hypocotyl elongation was promoted by FL; however, LEDs resulted in compact plants with greater root development, especially under the AP67-ARCH and AP67 spectra for PS and AB, respectively. In PS, AP67-ARCH and G2 significantly increased dry weight, while AB was affected significantly by AP67 and NS2. Furthermore, root growth potential of both species was better after LED pre-cultivation than the FL. Therefore, the use of continuous spectrum LEDs can enhance desirable quality characteristics of seedlings, which may be advantageous in large scale seedling production for reforestation.     

竹蓖舟蛾在广东省的风险分析

文章依据FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization)规定的有害生物风险性分析方法,对竹蓖舟蛾(Besaia goddrica)在广东省的分布、潜在危害性、受害寄主的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性及危险性管理难度5个方面进行了定性、定量分析,并对竹蓖舟蛾在广东省的危险性作出综合评价.结果表明,竹蓖舟蛾在广东省的综合风险值R为1.74,属于中度危险的林业有害生物.     

Growth and physiological responses of Quercus brantii seedlings inoculated with Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica under drought stress

Charcoal canker of oak is a common disease in the western regions of Iran, which has widely spread due to climate change and increasing drought in recent years. Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica are known as two agents of oak charcoal canker in Zagros forests causing the dieback of oak trees. The effects of charcoal disease agent pathogens on the growth and physiological response of two‐year‐old seedlings of Quercus brantii were evaluated under drought stress in greenhouse over a period of nine months. Survival was 21.7% lower in seedlings inoculated with B. mediterranea subjected to drought stress compared with control treatment. The length of lesions on stems was 68% more under charcoal pathogens in drought stressed compared with the length of lesions caused by charcoal pathogens only. On the other hand, stem lesion length caused by B. mediterranea was 25% greater than those caused by O. persica. Some morphophysiological characteristics were affected by charcoal pathogens alone and/or in combination with drought. Diameter, height and biomass decreased the most in seedlings inoculated with charcoal pathogens under drought stress. Pathogenic agents alone and in combination with drought stress reduced photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, the maximum Rubisco activity (V_cmax), maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) and xylem water potential. In general, drought increased the aggressiveness of fungus and intensification of their destructive effects in Quercus brantii. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the effect of B. mediterranea and O. persica on the morphophysiological parameters studied.     

枣雄性不育种质半同胞子代的遗传多样性分析

以280份种质,包括枣的雄性不育种质JMS2、‘交城五号’枣、‘邢16’酸枣、JMS2ב交城五号’的56个子代、JMS2ב邢16’的96个子代以及JMS2自然授粉获得的125个子代为材料,采用SSR分子标记技术研究枣半同胞家系的遗传多样性。10对SSR引物在277份子代中检测出35个等位基因,观测等位基因数量(Na)、有效等位基因数量(Ne)、香侬指数(I)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、基因遗传多样性(h)和基因分化系数(Fst)分别为3.500,2.108 7,0.819 2,0.573 1,0.471 4,0.470 5和0.096 0,表明277个子代的遗传多样性水平一般。在以JMS2为母本的3个子代群体中,未知父本的自然杂交子代群体遗传多样性最为丰富,I、Na和Ne分别为0.749 5,3.500 0,2.029 2。JMS2ב邢16’子代群体的遗传多样性(Na=2.30,Ne=2.067 8,I=0.722 0)小于自然杂交子代群体,但大于JMS2ב交城五号’子代群体(Na=2.3,Ne=1.829 3,I=0.615 9)。JMS2自然授粉子代可能存在多个父本,JMS2与酸枣‘邢16’较JMS2和‘交城五号’的亲缘关系远,双亲亲缘关系远和多个父本授粉可增加JMS2半同胞子代的遗传多样性。本研究可以为进一步评价和利用枣半同胞家系提供借鉴参考。     

结合农艺性状和SSR标记构建吉林省花生初级核心种质

以260份花生材料为试材,采用不同的遗传距离构建吉林省花生初级核心种质。在50%的取样比例下,采用数量性状参数均值差异百分率、方差差异百分率、极差符合率、变异系数变化率4个指标评价不同方法构建的初级核心种质的可行性和有效性。最终选出一种合适的方法构建花生初级核心种质,并利用等位变异数、有效等位变异数、Shannon-Weaver指数、Nei期望杂合度等SSR标记相关参数进行验证。研究结果表明:基于欧式距离,采用优先取样法结合最短距离法进行聚类分析,构建包含128个样品的花生核心种质。采用SSR标记参数进行验证,表明128份初级核心种质可以代表原种质80%的遗传信息,较好地代表了原种质的遗传多样性。     

木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定方法比较及抗病种质筛选

【目的】筛选出简便、准确、可靠的木麻黄(Casuarinaceae)青枯病抗性鉴定方法,对我国现有的木麻黄种质资源开展抗病性鉴定与评价,筛选出优良抗病无性系。【方法】在木麻黄抗病品系筛选技术基础上,参考番茄Lycopersicon esculentum、烟草Nicotiana及桉树Eucalyptus等植物青枯病抗性鉴定方法,设计8种木麻黄青枯菌人工接种方法,系统探讨水培生根苗、嫩枝、绿梗小枝、褐梗小枝、青枯菌粗毒素及盆栽小苗伤根接种、盆栽小苗无伤接种等接种方法对木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的影响。【结果】不同无性系利用盆栽幼苗伤根接种法接种后的死亡率介于25.79%~83.06%,无性系K18、A14与G1、30差异极显著(P0.05);不同无性系用褐梗小枝室内水培接种的病情指数介于2.16~69.48,无性系K18、A14与G1、30差异极显著(P0.05)。这2种接种方法能够有效区分木麻黄抗、感无性系,且呈极显著正相关(r=0.856 5)。不同无性系在盆栽幼苗不伤根接种及水培生根小苗、嫩枝室内水培接种中抗病性差异不显著(P0.05),不能有效区分抗、感无性系。绿梗小枝接种后症状变化小,不易分级,容易出现观测误差;青枯菌粗毒素接种存在浓度难以控制等问题。利用褐梗小枝室内水培接种法,对53份木麻黄育种材料进行抗性评价,筛选出X1、30、杂交、G1等12份高抗材料。【结论】盆栽幼苗伤根接种及褐梗小枝室内水培接种方法是木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的较好方法,文中其他接种方法不是木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的优选方法。     

村镇生活垃圾重金属含量及其土地利用中的环境风险分析

对全国12个省份72个典型村镇产生的生活垃圾进行采样调查,系统分析了我国村镇生活垃圾的重金属含量及其土地利用的环境风险。结果表明:我国典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn的含量分别为(0.74±0.48)、(21.80±17.61)、(3.36±11.01)、(108.63±84.01)、(36.83±10.91)、(80.09±42.24)mg·kg~(-1);依据《城镇垃圾农用控制标准》,Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr的超标率分别是1.74%、3.44%、14.29%、2.09%。村镇生活垃圾土地利用的重金属环境风险评估表明:重金属单因子污染指数大小顺序为CdHgCrCuZnPb,其中Cd和Hg分别为重度和轻度污染;重金属内梅罗综合污染指数为4.08(重度污染),Cd和Hg的贡献最大;重金属潜在生态风险程度依次为CdHgCuPbCrZn,综合潜在生态风险等级为强生态危害。     

洋河流域环境多介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)的长距离迁移潜力

利用Ta PL3模型模拟洋河流域16种PAHs通过大气和水体的长距离迁移潜力(LRTP)和总持久性(Pov),比较不同单体PAHs的特征迁移距离(CTD)和Pov的大小,探讨它们之间的关系,并以Ba P为例对模型的关键参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明:排放到大气中的PAHs的特征迁移距离(CTDair)在13 km(DBA)~712 km(Flu)之间,总持久性(Pov-air)在0.33 d(Acy)~907 d(Ba P)之间,土壤相是大气中PAHs的主要归宿,约占60%;排放到水体中的CTDwater在111 km(Flu)~2512 km(Pyr)之间,Pov-water在4.5 d(Nap)~3293 d(Bghi P)之间,沉积物相是水体中PAHs的主要归宿,占4%。风速和土壤PAHs的半衰期是影响大气中PAHs的CTD和Pov的主要参数,水体流速和辛醇-水分配系数是影响水体中PAHs的CTD和Pov的主要参数。洋河流域的PAHs具有远距离迁移的潜力,可对北京的生态环境产生威胁,建议流域相关企业采取PAHs污染减排措施以防治PAHs区域环境污染及其对首都生态环境和健康的潜在危害。     

海南岛南部海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

通过对海南岛南部近岸海域49个表层沉积物的重金属元素含量的分析,结合沉积物的粒度组成特征,探讨了重金属可能的来源并评价了重金属的污染状况和潜在生态风险。结果表明,表层沉积物以砂和粉砂为主,砾石和黏土含量相对较少。重金属平均含量较低,最高是Zn元素,为38.98 mg/kg,大部分属于国家海洋沉积物一类标准。除As元素之外,Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Cr和Hg 6种重金属元素之间具有明显的正相关性,与粉砂和黏土等细颗粒沉积物也具有显著的正相关。潜在生态危害指数的评价结果显示,海南岛南部近岸表层沉积物中的重金属对海洋生态系统的危害非常轻微,不同重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为AsHgCdPbCuCrZn,其潜在生态风险指数RI平均值为14.55,属于轻微的潜在生态危害。     

不同马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析我国南方冬种马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,为选育南方冬种马铃薯新品种及生产利用提供参考.[方法]对24份马铃薯种质资源的13个质量性状和12个数量性状进行调查及测定,并进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析.[结果]24份马铃薯种质资源质量性状的遗传多样性指数均较高,为0.7415~2.3303,其中以薯形最高,以株型、叶缘形状和顶小叶形状较低.24份马铃薯种质资源的数量性状变异系数为0.70%~188.16%,其中以单株块茎重最高,其次为单株蔓重,说明其变异程度较大,易出现性状分离;以比重最低,表明马铃薯出苗率的性状在种质间较稳定.相关性分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源的生育期与单株蔓重、平均产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;株高与单株块茎重、单株蔓重呈极显著正相关,与单株主茎数呈显著负相关(P<0.05,下同);单株蔓重与单株块茎重、平均产量呈显著正相关;单株块茎数与小叶对数呈显著正相关,与商品薯率呈极显著负相关;出苗率与平均产量呈显著正相关,与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;比重与块茎干物质量呈极显著正相关,与平均产量呈显著负相关.聚类分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源可分为高产高株型、中产中株型、低产中株型和低产低株型四大类,以中产中株型为最多,以高产高株型最少.[结论]24份马铃薯种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中有2份属于高产高株型(闽08085008和闽09330143),可作为选育南方冬种高产马铃薯新品种的亲本材料.