茭白采后生理生化变化与贮运保鲜技术研究进展

综述了茭白采后生理生化变化与保鲜技术的研究现状,并提出茭白保鲜技术发展方向。     

纤维增强聚合物对中密度纤维板的增强效果

采用碳纤维布和玻璃纤维布与中密度纤维板复合,研究纤维布种类、胶粘剂品种、涂胶量及纤维板基材厚度等因素对纤维增强聚合物／MDF复合板性能的影响。结果表明：对于复合板静曲强度和弹性模量的提高,碳纤维布的效果优于玻璃纤维布;酚醛胶单面涂胶量为180g／m2时,复合板的MOR、MOE和他分别达到3633．8、62．5、1．046MPa;环氧胶单面涂胶量为120g／m2时,复合板的MOR和MOE分别为3900．5、49．58MPa;中密度纤维板厚度不同,其静曲强度和弹性模量提高量也不同,FRP对薄板的增强效果优于厚板。     

高原区近自然河道生态治理模式研究及应用*

 随着社会经济的快速发展,人类对生态环境的需求和期望也越来越高,由于高原地区近自然河道自身的特点,单一的工程措施给当地生态环境带来了巨大的压力。本文在阐述高原近自然河道自然特性和生态河道治理内涵的基础上,从水利功能和生态功能的角度,提出了原生态型、工程生态型、生物修复型3种河道生态治理模式及不同模式适用条件,对高原地区河道的生态恢复、建设和管理具有一定的指导意义。     

Differences in Muscle Fiber Recruitment Patterns between Continuous and Interval Exercises

We evaluated differences in muscle fiber recruitment patterns between continuous and interval training to develop an optimal training program for Thoroughbred horses. Five well trained female thoroughbred horses (3–4 years old) were used. The horses performed two different exercises on a 10% inclined treadmill: 90%VO₂ max for 4 min (continuous) and 90% VO₂ max for 2 min × 2 times with 10-min interval (interval). Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and immediately after the exercises. Four muscle fiber types (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX) were immunohistochemically identified, and the optical density of periodic acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type and glycogen content of the muscle sample were determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures, respectively. No significant differences were found in the OD-PASs and glycogen contents between the continuous and interval exercises, but the decreases in OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle fibers were obvious after interval as compared to continuous exercise. Interval exercise may be a more effective training stimulus for the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch muscle fiber. The data about muscle fiber recruitment can provide significant insights into the optimal training program not only for thoroughbred horses, but also for human athletes.     

Effects of muscle type on beef taste‐traits assessed by an electric sensing system

To assess the role of muscle fiber type in beef taste‐traits, we analyzed cooked meats from bovine masseter, diaphragm, psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus muscles with an electric taste sensing system (INSENT SA402B). The system is composed of five taste sensors of polymer membranes fixing different lipids. The sensors, CT0, CA0, AAE, C00 and AE1 are designed to respond to the individual tastes of salty, sour, umami, bitter and astringent, respectively. The system found significant differences in the converted outputs of CA0 (cvCA0), C00 (cvC00) and AE1 (cvAE1) among the bovine muscles. The slow‐type muscles (masseter and diaphragm) showed lower cvCA0, higher cvC00, and higher cvAE1 than did the fast‐type muscles (psoas major, longissimus thoracis, and semitendinosus). Lactic acid content was different among muscle types and was highly related to the cvCA0 output and pH. carbonyl compounds and free fatty acids were higher in the slow‐type muscles. Free fatty acids were major components causing the difference in the C00 output among the muscle types. Iron content was also different among the muscle types and related to the cvC00 and cvAE1 outputs. These results suggested that the muscle fiber type affects the beef taste characteristics.     

肌纤维类型及其对猪肉品质影响的研究进展*

 根据肌球蛋白重链的多态性可将猪的肌纤维分为Ⅰ,2a,2b和2x 4种类型,在代谢上分别与慢速氧化型、快速氧化型、快速酵解型和中间类型相对应。从肌纤维的构成、分类及转化等方面介绍肌纤维类型的代谢特点,重点阐述肌纤维类型对猪肉品质的影响,以及影响肌纤维类型的因素。     

小熊猫日粮营养成分分析

对成年小熊猫日粮的采食量以及日粮中的主要营养成分含量进行了测定。试验结果表明,平均每只小熊猫每天摄入蛋糕77.61g、馒头96.28g、苹果456.83g和竹叶90.97g;平均每只小熊猫每天摄入粗蛋白48.28g、粗脂肪13.56g、粗纤维65.30g、灰分23.39g;总日粮的干物质中,粗蛋白含量为26.82%、粗脂肪含量为7.53%、粗纤维含量为36.28%、灰分含量为12.99%、水分含量16.37%。     

钾素对棉花营养吸收分配及纤维品质的影响

以新陆早24号为供试材料,通过水培方式研究施钾对棉花生长发育和氮、磷、钾素的吸收分配以及纤维品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,适当提高营养液中的钾浓度能明显促进棉花生长发育;促进棉株对氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收积累;增加纤维的长度、比强度和马克隆值;且都呈现:低钾处理高钾处理对照处理的规律性。尤以低钾浓度(K1和K2)见优,K1和K2的钾素总吸收积累量最高,分别是对照的62.1和69.8倍;K2的纤维品质综合表现最好,纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值比高钾浓度(K3和K4)分别增加了0.5～3.4 mm,1.2～5.3 cN/tex,0.3～0.9。钾营养缺乏直接影响棉花的结铃。     

麦麸膳食纤维在桃酥中的应用研究

将麦麸中提取的膳食纤维添加到桃酥中,以感官评定为指标,通过正交试验对影响麦麸膳食纤维桃酥的主要因素进行分析,并确定其最佳配方,制作出组织状态均匀一致、酥松爽口、口味油润清香、具有独特风味的麦麸膳食纤维桃酥。     

竹叶复合颗粒饲料加工工艺及其喂羊试验

通过对竹叶的开发,研制出适合优质肉羊饲用的竹叶颗粒饲料,使竹叶变废为宝,有效地解决了临安市非常规饲料资源的利用。进行了竹叶复合颗粒饲喂育成羊和羔羊的试验,结果表明,试验羊只的增重效果良好,经济效益、社会效益和生态效益均显著。