Assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi related to silvicultural management intensity in beech forests in southern Germany

Current silvicultural treatments in beech forests are aimed at achieving thick logs without discoloured hardwood. Therefore intensive thinning is applied already in younger stands with the objective of large-sized trunks at an age of 100 years. However, this approach bears the risk that dead wood structures and broken trees are completely removed from the forest. The impact of three different silvicultural management intensity levels on wood-inhabiting fungi over decades was investigated in a large beech forest (>10,000 ha) in southern Germany in 69 sampling plots: A Intensive Thinning and Logging with high-value trees, B Conservation-Oriented Logging with integration of special structures such as dead wood and broken trees and C Strict Forest Reserves with no logging for 30 years. The analysis of community showed marked differences in the fungus species composition of the three treatments, independent of stand age. The relative frequencies of species between treatments were statistically different. Indicator species for naturalness were more abundant at sites with low silvicultural management intensity. Fomes fomentarius, the most common fungus in virgin forests and strict forest reserves, is almost missing in forests with high-management intensity. The species richness seemed to be lower where intensive thinning was applied (P = 0.051). Species characteristic for coarse woody debris were associated to low management intensity, whereas species with a significant preference for stumps became more frequent with increasing management intensity. A total amount of dead wood higher than 60 m³/ha was found to enable significantly higher numbers of species indicators of naturalness (P = 0.013). In conclusion, when applying intensive silvicultural treatment, the role of dead wood needs to be actively considered in order to maintain the natural biocoenosis of beech forests.     

Determinants of equity-based entry mode choice in the forest sector: the case of China

The focus of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the global forest sector has shifted from developed to developing economies (currently accounting 73% of total) during the past two decades. China has been the main global driver with its annual FDI soaring from USD 130 million in 2002 to USD 550 million in 2010. In light of international economic and business theories, choice of foreign entry mode is considered the most critical issue in corporate expansion strategy, which, however, has not been empirically studied in the forest sector. To fill this gap, our paper focuses on modeling two equity-based entry mode choices (i.e. wholly owned subsidiary or joint ventures) of foreign investment projects in China based on data from 109 activities of the Top 100 forest, paper, and packaging industry companies. By using logistic modeling, the main determinants of corporate entry mode choice are found to be cultural and geographical distance between the corporate home country and China, duration of corporate presence in China, and spatial concentration of local-level forest industry. Instead, investment project size and local resource availability are found to have no significant impact on corporate entry mode choice in China.     

Landscape Patterns and Dynamics in Shanhaiguan Forest Farm,Hebei Province

ＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅＰａｔｔｅｒｎｓａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｎＳｈａｎｈａｉｇｕａｎＦｏｒｅｓｔＦａｒｍ，ＨｅｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＬｉｕＸｉａｎｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＰｕｂｌｉｓｈｉｎｇＨｏｕｓｅ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＸｕＨｕａｃｈｅｎｇＺｈｅｎ...     

论单层同龄林分系统的耗散结构特性

林分系统的演变,必定是通过净生长量和死亡量的涨落,改变旧的（株数－蓄积量）结构,形成新的转化功能,再发生新的涨落,策动着将来的（株数－蓄积量）演变,这种生长运动导致林分的进化、发展,维持着非平衡态结构的稳定、有序。林分系统的时、空演变是多样化的,而坐标上运动的方向和速度,既表现了林分结构的变化,又反映着能量演变的频率和动量产生的波长,说明演变具有波、粒二象性的特性。     

杨梅岭林场混交林调查初报

对霞浦县杨梅岭林场杉木、马尾松混交林和杉木、柳杉混交林初期生长的实地调查表明,10年生杉木、柳杉混交林的单位蓄积量比杉木、马尾松混交林大72.2%,比杉木纯林大2.4倍,为较为成功的混交方式。     

栽培山杏是发展我市乡村经济的有效途径

山杏具有较高的利用价值和经济效益，而且适合我市栽培，大面积栽培山杏，是我市发展乡村经济的有效途径。     

A Study on Water Exchange in Root Zone of ProtectiveForest Ecosystem in Loess Area

ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＷａｔｅｒＥｘｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎＲｏｏｔＺｏｎｅｏｆＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅＦｏｒｅｓｔＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＬｏｅｓｓＡｒｅａＹｕＸｉｎｘｉａｏＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＳｏｉｌａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＣｏｎｓｅｒｒａｔｉｏｎ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＦｏｒｅｓｔ...     

云南省森林火险等级预报系统

通过对云南省多个地方1950年到1980年气象测报数据进行分析,建立了适合云南省长期火险预报方法,实现了云南省长期森林火险趋势定量分析。对2006年云南省十六个地州市雨季气象资料进行计算,得到云南省各地州2007年森林长期火险等级,为防火工作提供科学依据。     

武汉市居民城市森林游憩需求特征调查

对729位武汉市居民进行问卷调查,结果表明城市居民的森林游憩需求十分旺盛,在不同距离、不同类型的旅游地中更倾向于到城郊尤其是城区边缘区生态环境好的森林集中分布区域进行森林游憩活动;居民希望城市森林进行适度游憩开发,提供良好的旅游服务设施和体现森林生态特色的活动项目.     

浅谈当前森林覆盖率计算的两个公式

介绍计算森林覆盖率的2个公式,指出应该用(2)式计算森林覆盖率.分析了有林地面积、国家特别规定灌木林地面积、灌木林地面积与森林覆盖率的关系.