Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.     

陕北农牧交错带牧草生产力分析

根据陕北农牧交错带的生态环境特点以及牧草生长发育过程对水热资源的要求和利用效率,运用迈阿密模型定量估算陕北农牧交错带七县区牧草自然生产力。并与牧草现实生产力进行比较。研究表明:陕北农牧交错带牧草现实生产力仅为自然生产力的30.80%。基本掌握了该区牧草生产力状况和特点,并据此提出了相应的开发战略和实施途径。     

河北土壤铜的含量和分布

河北省土壤铜含量丰富.全铜平均25.4ppm,高于全国、世界平均含量.有效铜(DTPA—C_u)平均1.17ppm,<0.5ppm低铜土壤只占耕地总面积的6%.高铜土壤多分布在城镇郊区、洼淀和矿区土壤上.铜在剖面中以淋溶为主,表层富集过程非常微弱.土壤铜含量决定于母质类型.在成土过程中其数量变迁与土壤机械组成、土壤有机质、土壤碳酸钙、土壤PH等有关.     

干旱区小麦多功能高分子植物生长调节剂增产和品质改善试验研究

以观测记录和拍照方式研究多功能高分子植物生长调节剂对小麦生长和繁殖、品质的影响,分别用土壤含水量为试剂保水指标,小麦生长、结实和产量指标、小麦品质指标以及经济效益指标与对照比较以评定试验效果。结果显示,施用试剂能够提高土壤保水率,有利于小麦的营养和结实生长,使小麦产量提高12.30%。小麦粗蛋白、赖氨酸和湿面筋含量均有显著提升,不利于人体健康的灰分和粗脂肪含量显著降低;经济效益有所提高,仅仅考虑增产就净增产值734.25￣794.85元/hm2。     

果蔬产品变色原因分析及其控制

分析了果蔬产品在加工贮存中变色的原因,综述了目前生产中常用的行之有效的护色措施,包括生物、化学和物理等方面的处理方法。     

功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。     

小麦品种无性系变异改良技术研究

针对晋阳345和晋麦73两个定型品种存在抗寒性较差的缺点,对其幼胚愈伤组织进行了4种处理:1、愈伤组织在MD培养基上继代2～3次;2、愈伤组织在紫外灯下约10cm照射2h;3、愈伤组织在低温2℃和常温25℃下交替培养30d;4、愈伤组织在紫外灯下照射2h后,再在低温2℃和常温25℃下交替培养30d。结果表明,4个处理后代R2主要农艺性状的变异率差异显著,且紫外灯照射幼胚愈伤组织的变异率比低温2℃和常温25℃交替处理幼胚愈伤组织高,其后代各种农艺性状的变异范围较大,变异率较高。但后者有利于改良抗寒性较差的定型小麦品种。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

关于发展农民职业教育的几点思考

农民是农业和农村的主题，发展农民职业教育是解决“三农”问题的关键。指出了发展农民职业教育的重要性；分析了当前中国农民职业教育发展的现状，并提出了加快农民职业教育发展必须在全社会加大宣传教育力度，树立健康向上的职业观和人才观，发挥各级政府的主导作用，发挥中等、高等农业职业院校和普通高等农林高校的作用，才能为农业培养大批技术管理带头人才，为农村劳动力向城镇(城市）转移创造条件。     

Measurements to Protect Owners'' Benefits under the Non-price Bottom Bidding

Investment on construction projects has become an important factor in improving the development of economy in China.The non-price bottom bidding is a representation that the investment on projects is becoming standardized.During the years of trying out the non-price bottom bidding,the colluding in bidding or bidding below the cost has happened several times,which have damaged the benefits of owners.To solve theses problems,this paper firstly studies the reason of these problems-the failure in the normal relationship between principal and agent.Then,some measures have been presented as follows: building systematic and scientific system of qualification prejudication,judging behaviors of colluding in bidding and bidding below the cost with reason and providing a surety mechanism of the project.The authors hope that these measures are beneficial to non-price bottom bidding.