论集体林区林地产权制度变迁的路径

林地产权制度改革是实现林业可持续发展的需要。文中在分析集体林区林地产权制度缺陷的基础上，提出了林地产权制度变迁的路径。     

土壤与植物根际磷的有效性研究

本文论述了影响土壤与植物根际磷的有效性的因素有其机理，为合理分配和施用磷肥提供了科学依据。     

The potential of intercropping as an alternative land use system in temperate North America

The success of many intercropping systems in North America is attributable to the generation of a short term return from an agricultural crop during the early, unprofitable years of a longer term crop that is fruit, nuts or wood. This highly-efficient use of land and related profitability are important not only in the development of intercropping systems per se, but also in other applications which have tremendous potential independent of profitability. For example, intercropping can be effectively used during the establishment phases of hardwood plantations where it is essential to have a high level of weed control, the costs of which are often recovered with the agricultural production. Intercropping can also be used to grow trees rapidly and with a form that can be easily integrated into recreational or park situations, or urban fringe areas. In an urban context, intercropping can be used to grow trees in agricultural areas that are likely to be developed where traditional forestry options are not appropriate and the value of younger, thrifty trees may enhance property values far in excess of the cash value of the wood.     

Artificially regenerating longleaf pine in canopy gaps: initial survival and growth during a year of drought

Nitrogen fertilization in the nursery, along with altering the configuration of forest gaps, may improve the reforestation success of longleaf pine seedlings. During the very droughty 1998 growing season in Florida and Georgia, survival was higher under the forest canopy than in small (0.10 ha, 36 m diameter) and large (1.6 ha, 144 m diameter) canopy gaps. In the large gaps, survival of containerized seedlings was higher along the edges, particularly the SW edge. Shade from adult trees and the nurse effect of shrubs increased survival, while grass competition reduced survival. During dry years part of the “exclusionary zone” along the edge of canopy gaps (SW sector) may serve as a “survival zone”, at least in the short term. A model using oval-shaped gaps oriented from NW to SE, with an area of 0.25 ha is proposed to maximize the survival and growth of artificially regenerated longleaf pine seedlings.     

Genetic variation in minerals,crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India

Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50 N to 29°55 N latitude and 69°49 E to 78°03 E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10 N latitude, 75°46 E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p<0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.     

新造林中的防火隔离带建设

新造林中防火隔离带分为天然防火隔离带;植物防火隔离带;防火林道,人工防火线等4种。在具体布设上则分为林中防火、林线防火、山脊防火、境界防火、铁路沿线、林区房屋隔离带6种。     

Generation and alteration of norlignans in a transition zone during the drying of a Cryptomeria japonica log

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) produces secondary metabolite norlignans in xylem. Several norlignans are involved in the coloration of heartwood and defense of sapwood against microbial invasion. Their biosynthetic process should be well understood so that their properties can be exploited to improve the quality and utility of C. japonica wood. Unfortunately, information on the norlignan biosynthesis is limited because norlignans are mainly synthesized in a particular season in the transition zone (TZ) along with the heartwood formation, and is difficult to study. Although the generation of two norlignans of C. japonica, agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, has been reported, systems for producing other norlignans are not yet known. To establish a novel norlignan generating system, we examined the changes occurring in norlignans in a TZ during the process of drying a C. japonica log. On the day of felling, the TZ contained agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, which increased until they reached a maximum on day 40 after felling. Sequirin-C appeared on day 40 and increased to day 70. The generation of sequirin-C in the TZ can be used to investigate the biosynthetic process of heartwood norlignans. This study describes for the first time the changes that occur in the composition of norlignan during the drying of the TZ.     

白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应

以白杨派单交和双交杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,分析不同盐胁迫条件下无性系的生长及光合系统的反应,并对无性系间的差异进行比较.研究表明:盐胁迫对叶片生长、苗高生长及苗木生物量积累均产生不同程度的影响.随着盐浓度升高,各项生长指标迅速下降,但下降的幅度不同,苗木生物量积累受影响最大.茎叶生长对盐胁迫的敏感性大于根系生长,从而导致根/(茎 叶)生物量随盐胁迫的发展而升高.盐胁迫下4个无性系的净光合速率(Pn)日变化基本上都呈单峰曲线,但随胁迫加强,Pn值迅速降低.盐胁迫下,叶位从幼到老,Pn表现为单峰型变化,中部功能叶Pn值最大,嫩叶和老叶较小,盐胁迫对无性系嫩叶Pn几乎无影响,却显著降低中部功能叶和老叶的Pn值,且随着胁迫时间延长,对叶片Pn的影响加强.盐胁迫降低各无性系的叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,其参数qN(荧光非光化学猝灭系数)值随盐浓度增加而上升,而qp(荧光光化学猝灭系数)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)值随盐浓度增加而下降.盐胁迫对双交杂种无性系B430影响最小,单交无性系毛新杨和亲本新疆杨次之,亲本毛白杨对盐胁迫反应最敏感.     

土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响

包兰铁路横穿腾格里沙漠的沙坡头段 ,全长近 5 0km ,这里年降水量 186mm ,流动沙丘相对高度 2 0m以上 ,以 4m·a- 1 的速度向东南方向移动。无灌溉条件下、工程措施与生物措施相结合的防沙固沙工程体系始建于195 6年 ,近半个世纪以来该体系确保了包兰铁路的畅通无阻 ,累计经济效益逾百亿人民币。虽然当初的建设者充分考虑了耐旱的乡土树种、有效的工程固沙系统 ,但很难想到几十年后的土壤 -植被系统的演变会危及整个防护体系的稳定性。植被在从人工系统向自然系统的演变中经历了覆盖度从增加到减少的自疏过程、从灌木到半灌木到草本的变化 ,其降低风速和防风的功能减弱 ;土壤从流动风沙土发育成钙积旱成土 ,地表生物结皮发育 ,增加了表土的抗风蚀的能力 ;土壤 -植被系统的演变使得降水在生态系统中的再分配过程已经彻底改变 ,并由于防护林体系配置不完善 ,在 5 0～ 5 0 0cm的土层深度一个生物成因的干旱层逐渐形成 ,新的水分平衡格局明显威胁到现有的防风固沙体系。     

湖南借母溪自然保护区两栖动物区系研究

报道了借母溪自然保护区两栖动物资源和区系特征的调查结果。已知有2目8科25种。广布种5种，古北界种1种，东洋界19种。进而进行区系分析和多样性分析。