青海省林木种苗生产现状、技术措施对策

阐述目前林木种苗生产、经营监督力度不够,种苗市场混乱,生产管理粗放,科技含量不高等主要问题。     

奉化市“十二五”期间年森林采伐限额的编制

根据编制原则及范围,采用2007年森林资源二类调查成果,利用国家林业局调查规划设计院开发的"森林合理年采伐量测算系统"和由浙江省森林资源监测中心开发的"浙江省十二五编限数据处理系统"组成的软件,测算出奉化市合理年采伐量为49413m3.为利于林业可持续发展,确定奉化市"十二五"期间年森林采伐限额建议指标为46980m3,其中主伐4440 m3,抚育采伐32970 m3,更新采伐5570 m3,其它采伐4000 m3.     

林权变更中时空信息分析

分析了林权变更中的时间变化特点,以及随着时间变化林地空间与属性变化情况,在此基础上对林权变更中的时空信息进行组织与管理,实现时空信息管理系统时空查询和历史回溯功能。     

天然林保护工程封山育林国家投资标准探讨

以重庆市涪陵区2012年天保工程封山育林规划设计概算为依据，将涪陵区现行天保工程封山育林按国家标准的投资进行细分，在此基础上结合实际情况进行重新调整，提出了天保工程封山育林新标准，为确定天保工程封山育林标准提供参考。     

35技术在城市森林研究中的应用

总结国内外3s技术在城市森林研究领域应用现状，分析其不足，即遥感学家与植物生态学家缺乏沟通、被动遥感优势尚未挖掘、生态系统服务制图滞后、生态系统管理中忽视信息系统建设，以及景观规划的精确性与客观性有待提高等，在此基础上提出相应改进建议，以期为我国城市森林的3S技术应用和城市森林建设工作提供借鉴。     

Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) Lekking sites in fragmented Finnish forest landscape

The location of Capercaillie lekking sites was compared in forest mosaics of different level of fragmentation. In north Finland the stand characteristics of the lekking sites did not differ from those of randomly selected stands in the 1950s judged from forestry maps and stand registers. In the 1980s, when forestry had considerably altered stand structure, lekking stands were older, larger and had a higher timber volume than random stands. These features evenly changed from the lek centre to the distance of 4 km, to which distance the adjacent areas were assessed. Southern and central Finnish analyses, based on topographic maps, showed that the proportion of forest distinctly decreased with increasing distance from a lek centre, up to a distance of 1–1.5 km. The average patch size of lekking stands were largest in the north (where both cut areas and remaining stands are large) and smallest in central Finland dominated by fine‐grained forest landscape. The results are discussed in terms of landscape ecology and forestry planning.     

Cost structure of and competition for forest-based biomass

Abstract

Biomass has become a popular alternative to satisfy expanding energy demand and as a substitute for fossil fuels and phased-out nuclear energy in Europe. The European Union White Paper stipulates that the utilization of biomass shall increase to 1566 TWh by 2010. However it is often overlooked that the forest resources are already, to a large extent, used by the forest industries. When promoting biomass for energy generation the consequences for the forest industries also need to be considered. Sweden is an excellent case study, as there are vast quantities of forest resources, nuclear power is starting to be phased out, there are restrictions on expanding hydropower and the political desire exists to “set an example” with respect to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper attempts to estimate and analyse the supply of two types of forest resource, namely, roundwood and harvesting residues derived from final harvesting and commercial thinnings. Two separate supply curves are estimated: one for roundwood and one for harvesting residues. The cost structure is based on an economic-engineering approach where the separate cost components are constructed from the lowest cost element into aggregates for labour, capital, materials and overhead costs for each forest resource. The results indicate an unutilized economic supply of 12 TWh of harvesting residues in Sweden. However, after these 12 TWh have been recovered it becomes more profitable to use roundwood for energy purposes than to continue extracting further amounts of harvesting residues.     

陕西省宁东森林公园景区划分与景点等级评价

在实地调查基础上,对陕西省宁东森林公园进行了景区划分和景点等级评价,结果为:宁东森林公园可划分为平河梁、旬阳坝、响潭沟和蒿沟脑等4个景区,53个景点,其中森林景点13个,自然景点33个,人文景点7个;景点等级评判分值为5.3～9.1,其中Ⅰ级景点16个,Ⅱ级景点28个,Ⅲ级景点9个。     

尤溪县生态公益林林分改造的分析与对策

对尤溪县境内的闽江支流尤溪河两岸、道路两边及库区周边一重山的生态公益林现状及存在问题进行了分析，提出了对公益林部分林分进行改造的初步规划，探讨了公益林改造的对策，为尤溪县“两沿一环”（即沿高速公路、公路、铁路，沿河，环城区周边一重山）林分改造工程提供参考。     

Examination of thermal and acid hydrolysis procedures in characterization of soil organic matter

Abstract

Differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and stepwise thermogravimetry (STG), together with two acid hydrolysis methods (hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid in a single step, and hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in two steps), were evaluated to determine the quality of four plant materials (Medicago sativa, Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus halepensis) before and after mixing with a red earth. These quality indices were then compared with the same materials in the field, whether their decomposition could be predicted. All the thermal methods gave poor results. In both DTG and DSC, the presence of the mineral matrix gave rise to strong distortions in the spectra. Since the spectrum of any mixture is not simply the sum of the spectra of the two components (organic matter + mineral matter), these distortions could not be corrected by simply subtracting the spectrum of the red earth alone. STG trials also gave poor results, because the presence of the mineral matrix greatly increased the quality indices, and reduced the ability of the method to distinguish between organic matter qualities. In view of our results, the usefulness of thermal methods in the characterization of soil organic matter would seem to be restricted to certain organic horizons (L, F, and perhaps H). In contrast, methods based on acid hydrolysis were comparatively more satisfactory. Their resolution (ability to distinguish organic matter qualities) was much higher than that of thermal methods. However, they were able to distinguish carbon more accurately than nitrogen. The sulfuric acid method, unlike the hydrochloric acid method, was affected by the presence of a mineral matrix. While both methods could be improved, in their present form they seem to operate as good predictors of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.