水电施工质量控制及管理模式分析

水利水电工程作为国家基础设施建设的重点项目,是经济社会发展的重要基础设施和基础产业,有效保证了人们日常生活的正常运行.文章详细分析了构建水利水电工程质量控制及管理模式的重要性,提出了符合我国国情和发展需要的质量控制及管理模式.保证水利水电工程的建设质量安全,促进国家经济的发展.     

某考试系统评分模块的边界值测试用例设计

边界值分析(Boundary Value Analysis)技术扩展了对等价类中起始和末尾输入值可能性的分析。输入输出数据中很大百分比的功能性错误都发生在这些边界上,或这些边界值的周围。介绍了边界值分析的基本概念和测试用例设计原则,以某考试系统的评分模块为背景,进行了边界值测试用例的设计。     

Adaptive management in agricultural innovation systems: The interactions between innovation networks and their environment

The purpose of this article is to investigate effective reformism: strategies that innovation networks deploy to create changes in their environment in order to establish a more conducive context for the realization and durable embedding of their innovation projects. Using a case study approach, effective reformism efforts are analyzed in a technological innovation trajectory related to the implementation of a new poultry husbandry system and an organizational innovation trajectory concerning new ways of co-operation among individual farms to establish economies of scale. The findings reinforce the idea, emerging from a complexity perspective on agricultural innovation systems, that interaction between innovation networks and their environment is only steerable to a limited extent. Nonetheless, innovation networks can enhance effective reformism by creating tangible visions that serve as vehicles to create understanding about the innovation and mobilize support for it, and by employing several kinds of boundary spanning individuals that are able to forge effective connections between innovation networks and their environment. Because innovation networks can only partially influence their institutional environment, and because unintended consequences of actions and random events influence the course of the innovation process, innovation network actors need to continuously re-interpret the contexts in which they move. This constant reflection by the innovating actors on their position vis-à-vis their environment needs to be supported by dedicated facilitators and monitoring and evaluation methods aimed at system learning. This implies that agricultural innovation policies should, instead of aiming to fully plan and control innovation, foster the emergence of such flexible support instruments that enable adaptive innovation management.     

Ontology-based simulation in agricultural systems modeling

A methodology and applications of ontology-based simulation are presented. An environment for building simulations based on the Lyra ontology management system is described which includes web-based visual design tools for constructing models and automatically generating simulation code. The ontology is used for representing all equations and all symbols appearing in these equations that are needed to describe a model. The example applications presented are models of soil, water, and nutrient management in citrus and sugarcane. Results thus far show that the ontology-based approach has advantages for representing the model structure, equations, and symbols, that complex models can be described in this format, and that efficient simulation code can be generated automatically from the ontology definition of the model. Potential applications, not yet fully explored, include ability to automatically connect models and data sources, using the ontology to organize model bases containing many models and model components, and using ontology reasoners to search for models, automatically discover model similarities and differences, and generate model instances from general principles.     

Enabling natural resource managers to self-assess their adaptive capacity

We describe the development of a low cost, repeatable self-assessment process enabling community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) groups to set priorities for building their capacity to adopt sustainable farming practices and adapt to global change. Regional measures of adaptive capacity derived from rural livelihoods analysis were populated with secondary data and used to communicate the multiple dimensions of adaptive capacity to groups of landowners. This conceptual framework was then used to derive locally relevant measures of adaptive capacity via focus groups drawn from pre-existing networks of land managers. The key issue discussed at the workshop was what constrained or enabled private land managers to effectively manage natural resources. This self-assessment process was designed to support dialogue between CBNRM groups, industry and governments to prioritise collective action for building adaptive capacity. The approach was piloted with CBNRM groups across New South Wales, Australia.     

Changes in spatial and temporal variability of SAR affected by shallow groundwater management of an irrigated field, California

In the irrigated western U.S. disposal of drainage water has become a significant economic and environmental liability. Development of irrigation water management practices that reduce drainage water volumes is essential. One strategy combines restricted drainage outflow (by plugging the drains) with deficit irrigation to maximize shallow groundwater consumption by crops, thus reducing drainage that needs disposal. This approach is not without potential pitfalls; upward movement of groundwater in response to crop water uptake may increase salt and sodium concentrations in the root zone. The purposes for this study were: to observe changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) and salt in a field managed to minimize drainage discharge; to determine if in situ drainage reduction strategy affects SAR distribution in the soil profile; and to identify soil or management factors that can help explain field wide variability. We measured SAR, soil salinity (EC_1:1) and soil texture over 3 years in a 60-ha irrigated field on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. At the time we started our measurements, the field was beginning to be managed according to a shallow groundwater/drainage reduction strategy. Soil salinity and SAR were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in SAR was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and their associated variations in apparent leaching fraction. During the 3-year study period, the percentage of the field in which the lower profile (90-180 cm) depth averaged SAR was above 10, increased from 20 to 40%. Since salinity was increasing concomitantly with SAR, and because the soil contained gypsum, sodium hazard was not expected to become a limiting factor for long term shallow groundwater management by drain control. It is anticipated that the technology will be viable for future seasons.     

浅谈高职院校人力资源管理存在的问题及对策

人力资源管理是高职院校管理的核心内容。本文通过分析当前高职院校人力资源管理存在的问题,提出了加强高职院校人力资源管理的几点对策,望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

养分综合管理对马铃薯抗冻性的影响

内蒙古马铃薯生产中面临倒春寒和秋早霜的冻害威胁,特别是秋早霜如果较重将造成产量的大幅下降。因此,尽可能提高马铃薯抗冻性对内蒙古马铃薯产业发展具有重要意义。本文从养分综合管理的角度出发,研究了马铃薯叶片矿质元素含量以及叶面积指数与马铃薯抗霜冻性的关系。结果表明,马铃薯叶片中氮磷钾含量以及叶面积指数均与其抗霜冻性存在相关关系,其中,氮肥处理的叶面积指数变化与霜冻损害评分的相关性最为显著,相关系数达-0.948,该处理下叶面积指数变化对霜冻损害评分影响幅度达到1.6,同样为各处理中最高值。     

空气负(氧)离子研究的知识图谱

归纳空气负(氧)离子研究进展和前沿热点,旨在为未来研究提供参考.基于Web of Science核心数据库以air negative oxygen ion为检索对象,获取2002-2019年收录的空气负(氧)离子文献,并通过知识图谱展现18年间其发展历程.结果 表明,2002-2019年Web of Science...     

青冈栎林分空间结构对林下更新的影响

林分空间结构会显著影响其林下幼树更新.为明确其影响林下幼树更新的关键因子,以湖南省青羊湖国有林场青冈栎林天然次生林为研究对象,测量幼树株数密度、树高、地径和冠幅,计算混交度、大小比数、开敞度指数以及聚集指数代表林分空间结构,评价林下幼树更新情况,并用灰色关联度分析方法探究两者间的相关关系.结果 表明,青羊湖国有林场13...