稻-鸭生态系统中二化螟消长动态研究

2003年4～10月,在稻鸭共栖田中,对二化螟发生规律的系统研究结果表明,稻田养鸭能显著减轻二化螟的为害。与对照相比,中稻田养鸭区二化螟为害株率减少13.4%～47.1%;晚稻田减少62.2%。稻鸭共栖能减少化学农药的使用量,具有较好的经济、社会和生态效益。     

基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析

在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS环境下 ,将祁连山区DEM图和坡向图分别同植被图叠加 ,分析研究区各景观组分在空间的分布特征 ;用定量分析景观结构和景观格局程序Fragstats计算景观和各景观组分的相关指数 ,分析其连通性、完整性、破碎化程度及聚集程度。结果表明 :研究区各景观组分分布受海拔高度和坡向的影响非常明显。各景观组分的完整性、连通性和破碎化程度也很不均衡。草地是研究区面积最大、连通性和完整性最好的景观组分 ;青海云杉林呈斑块状或带状分布在阴坡和半阴坡 ,形状最为不规则 ,平均斑块面积小且距离近 ,易受干扰而发生重大变化 ;宜林地和祁连圆柏林相对于农田、疏林地有较强的扩张特征 ;而杨类阔叶林各斑块间相隔距离大 ,斑块之间的邻接性差 ,破碎化程度最为严重。     

ANN在森林资源预测中的应用研究

人工神经网络(ANN)方法是基于实例的方法,不需要考虑数学模型的内部结构,不需要假设前提条件,不需要人为地确定因子权重,作为一个黑箱综合地映射研究对象的整体性。应用人工神经网络多步预测方法对甘肃连城林场吐鲁沟营林区有林地面积进行预测,网络模型的最大相对误差为0 080 8％,最小相对误差达到0 0089％,平均为0.038 6％,表明预测值与实际值吻合程度很好,因此模型的精度较高,并且建模简单经预测,林场2000-2004年有林地面积稍有下降趋势,分别为2 873.2 hm2,2 618 7 hm2,2 484.5 hm2,2 346 hm2,2 171 6hm2。     

Seed production of Chenopodium album in competition with field vegetables

Total weed control within a crop is both difficult and expensive to achieve, so that some weeds will often remain to set seed. The seed production resulting from these weeds will ultimately affect the sustainability of the weed control strategy. If too much is allowed to return each season there could be a gradual, but significant, increase in the potential weed flora over a number of seasons. Field trials were carried out in 2000 and 2001 to quantify the potential magnitude of this weed seed return from Chenopodium album L., grown at two planting densities either in pure stands or in competition with one of two crops (cabbage or onion). Crop and weed weights and weed seed production were notably greater in 2001. Both dry weight and seed production of C. album were suppressed by increasing planting density or by the presence of crop, with cabbage having a more suppressive effect. Despite the plasticity in seed production, a linear relationship was demonstrated between log weed seed production and log weed biomass that was robust over a range of competitive situations with onion and cabbage, at different planting densities and in growing seasons. The study also demonstrated that the relationship could be combined with an existing simple competition model to allow the consequences of incomplete weed control to be assessed in terms of potential weed seed return.     

热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木的种间关联分析

对热带海岸次生林群落主要乔木种群的重要值、方差比率、χ~2统计量和Ochiai(OI)指数等种间联结性指标进行测定,旨在揭示该群落优势种群之间相互作用的内在关联及种对间关联性的内在规律。结果表明:香蒲桃是热带海岸次生林群落的主要建群种;热带海岸次生林群落19个主要种群总体关联性表现为不显著正关联,反映了该群落尚未达到稳定的演替阶段;χ~2检验结果显示该群落优势种群正关联种对与负关联种对数量相当,无关联种对数较少,分别占总对数的42.7%、43.3%和14.0%,显著正关联种对数为1对,极显著和显著负关联种对数为2对;Ochiai(OI)指数显示66对种对的OI值落在[0.6,1],反映出热带海岸次生林主要种对间关联程度较为紧密。综上所述,热带海岸次生林群落优势种群种对间种间关联明显,物种之间存在一定的独立性,整体趋向稳定发展,实践中为加快热带次生林演替的进程,应重点保护正联结性较强的树种。     

滇东北4种典型筇竹林凋落物的持水性

以滇东北4种典型筇竹林为研究对象，对比分析不同类型筇竹林凋落物储量及持水性能，从而为滇东北筇竹林生态可持续经营提供理论依据和实践指导。研究结果表明，凋落物储量为人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（7.61 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（6.61 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（5.73 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（5.23 t/hm²）。凋落物最大持水量为天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（3.45 t/hm²） > 人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（3.22 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（2.89 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（2.69 t/hm²）。4种类型筇竹林凋落物吸水速率均随着浸泡时间延长而逐渐趋于一致，筇竹混交林凋落物吸水速率高于筇竹纯林。凋落物的总有效拦蓄量为人工筇竹-黄皮树混交林（9.74 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工厚朴混交林（8.95 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹-人工黄皮树混交林（7.73 t/hm²） > 天然筇竹纯林（6.23 t/hm²）。     

Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

印江自治县洋溪镇森林资源特点及林业发展规划

洋溪镇山区脱贫致富的最大优势在于山,提出林业发展措施：（1）采取有效的技术措施把现有的近3335hm2茶园基地管理好,并适度发展鲜果类经济林;（2）加强幼龄林的抚育和林分的封山育林工作;（3）进行山区林业综合开发,大力发展以马尾松、杉木为辅的用材林造林和低产林分改造,以优质烤烟为主产业化建设;（4）利用区位优势,发展森林旅游业。     

黑龙江省夏季林火蔓延特点

通过对2001-2007年黑龙江省夏季森林火灾调查研究发现,该地区夏季林火种类有地表火、地下火、树冠火3种,这3种蔓延方式之间相互演变,多数为地表火与地下火同时存在。夏季林火蔓延速度普遍较慢,地表火蔓延速度大多在0.05m/s以下;浅层地下火在有林地的燃烧速度为2-4m/h、草甸为1-3m/h,深层地下火在有林地的燃烧速度为0.2m/h以下、草甸为0.05m/h以下;树冠火蔓延速度一般为180-600m/h。     

自然资源视角下的林地界定标准探究 ——以上海市某区为例

系统梳理国内外关于林地界定的标准,重点分析我国目前已发布的林地界定标准《林地分类》(LY/T1812-2009)和《土地利用现状分类》(GB/T21010-2017)的差异。以上海市某区为例,具体分析林地界定差异引起的数据统计及相关管理、审批等方面的问题,结合自然资源统一管控趋势,提出增加复合用地分类,统一具体认定口径,建立分类对照表,明确林地界定的状态等林地界定标准修订及相关管理完善建议。