响应面优化倍花水解制备没食子酸的工艺条件

为了开发倍花深加工产品,本文以倍花为原料,用浓硫酸催化水解制备没食子酸。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面优化试验考察了水解温度、水解时间和硫酸用量对没食子酸得率的影响。结果表明,在50m L倍花提取液中,用2.47m L 98%浓硫酸催化,97℃温度下水解315min,没食子酸得率为36.01%,试验结果与试验模型预测值相吻合。分离产物用高效液相色谱结合没食子酸标样进行定性分析,结果与标准品一致。本研究能为倍花的开发利用提供理论依据。     

桉树枝瘿姬小蜂化学防治药剂的筛选

为寻求防治桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的有效药剂,有针对性地选取了7种常用药剂和3种混配剂进行林间药效试验。结果表明,所选的10组药剂对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂成虫、幼虫和蛹均具有不同程度的控制作用,除毒死蜱外,其他药剂处理后虫瘿数(药后30 d)和羽化孔数(药后40 d)均与清水对照差异显著。依据虫瘿减退率和羽化孔减退率指标,16%虫线清乳油是防治桉树枝瘿姬小蜂的理想药剂,药后30 d的虫瘿减退率和药后40 d的羽化孔减退率分别为83.37%和83.57%,其如果能与2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油混配使用,防治效果会更显著,说明不同作用机制的杀虫剂混合使用具有明显的增效作用。     

Variation in Crown and Root Organic Reserves Among Lucerne Genotypes of Different Morphology and Flower Colour

Previous evidence indicates that differences in the concentration of underground organic reserves can drive the survival and growing ability of lucerne under cold and defoliation stresses. In order to provide the selection process with further information on compounds that may influence plant performance under grazing, we assessed variations in cold‐season concentrations of nitrogen and carbon reserves on genotypes that had been identified for morphological features that possibly enhance grazing tolerance. The selected genotypes encompassed distinct morphological patterns (defined as ‘models’) and different taxa within the Medicago sativa complex, as shown by different flower colours. Crown concentrations of reserves were determined on 90 genotypes, whereas root concentrations were measured on a subsample of 15 genotypes. Wide intergenotypic variation was observed for all reserve substances. Comparisons among models and among flower colour classes highlighted the high concentrations of crown carbohydrates and root and crown‐soluble proteins of the model coded as ‘D1’, characterized by prostrate, rhizomatous habit and long dormancy, which largely corresponded to plants with yellow or variegated flowers, typical of ssp. falcata and × varia, respectively. There was a strong ‘flower colour × storage organ’ interaction for sugar concentration, and the results suggested a preferential compartment of sugars in the roots of purple‐flowered genotypes that belonged to the ssp. sativa. A rank correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between persistence after two years under grazing of half‐sib progenies deriving from 19 genotypes out of the 90 and crown concentrations of carbohydrates of the 19 mother plants.     

Evidence of pAgK84 transfer from Agrobacterium rhizogenes K84 to natural pathogenic Agrobacterium spp. in an Italian peach nursery

Nine Italian peach nurseries, which use Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K84 to protect plants from crown gall, were monitored for three years with the aim of determining whether transconjugant populations may arise following plasmid exchanges between K84 and autochtonous soil agrobacteria. Six hundred and seventy-eight Agrobacterium isolates were obtained from 120 tumours developed on apricot and peach rootstocks that had been treated in pre-planting with the antagonist. Agrobacteria were characterized for pathogenicity, biovar, opine catabolism and agrocin 84 sensitivity. Colony hybridization was used for screening the isolates harbouring plasmids pTi and/or pAgK84. Analysis of plasmid content and Southern blotting were performed on putative transconjugant agrobacteria found in tumours collected from one nursery where a biological control breakdown was observed. The RFLP analysis of 16S + IGS regions showed that pAgK84 was transferred from the antagonist to virulent and avirulent soil agrobacteria belonging to different ribotypes. Pathogenic transconjugants, inoculated on GF677 rootstocks, were not controlled in vivo by K84 and stably maintained pTi and pAgK84 in the bacterial cells for at least one year. At the end of a biocontrol trial, new transconjugant tumorigenic agrobacteria originated by the transfer of pAgK84 to the pathogen. Virulent and avirulent transconjugants may represent a real threat for biological control by K84 strain since all of them produced agrocin and were insensitive to it. Survival in soil of these populations could make the future application of K84 ineffective.     

联荼冠醚修饰电极测定汞

Several special crown ethers have been used to prepare modified electrodes and their performances are compared. The electrode prepared from bi-dinaphthy1-22-crown-6 shows the best performance characteristics has been studied in detail, which has been appl     

黄牛正常胆囊及牛黄胆囊组织学观察

对111份正常黄牛及12份天然牛黄牛的胆囊,进行了组织学光镜观察。结果发现,在正常情况下黄牛胆囊即有轻度水肿、炎细胞浸润的胆囊炎病变;牛黄胆囊均有囊壁增厚、炎细胞的显浸润、粘液浆液腺显著增生的慢性胆囊炎。同时胆汁很少,极度粘稠。此外本文对胆囊病变与成黄的关系作了分析。     

杨梅癌肿病病原菌的侵染途径及肿瘤的形态发生初报

试验说明杨梅癌肿病病原细菌也可从叶痕或皮孔侵入茎,在薄壁细胞内大量繁殖并继续向茎皮层侵染,皮层薄壁细胞受到细菌分泌物的刺激,细胞分裂,使皮层细胞数目增多,向外突出形成肿瘤,肿瘤内有大量薄壁细胞及排列不规则的输导组织;后者与茎内的维管组织相连,结果使寄主体内的部分物质物质运往病部,消耗于肿瘤的生长,枝梢得不到充足的水分和养料,可能是造成肿瘤以上枝梢枯死的原因之一。     

模拟间伐对树冠直径方差发生机制的研究

有些收获表的主林木直径方差为负值，这在理论上是矛盾的。原因之一是在编制收获表的过程中，假定所有主林木的直径相同，没有考虑直径分布。该文在若干假定的前提下，在林木开始竞争时，通过模拟间伐，从理论上探讨树冠直径方差发生机制。     

窄冠杨树品种评选及其类型划分

本文通过对１８个杨树品种无性系在９个试验点的Ｇ×Ｅ互作分析，用８个参数评价生产力，遗传稳定性和生长适应性，并经综合评定，从村冠积比（材积／冠积）方面将１８个品系划分为不同类型，为各试验区评选出了适合栽培的优良品系。     

荔枝叶瘿蚊的研究

荔枝叶瘿蚊(Mayetiola sp)是国内首次报导的荔枝新害虫。在广州一年发生6代,以幼虫在被害叶上越冬。蛹期11—14天,成虫寿命1—2天,卵期2—4天,幼虫期14—39天。越冬幼虫期可达240余天。成虫产卵于嫩叶背面,幼虫孵出后侵入叶肉并发育形成疱状突起的虫瘿,通常一叶多瘿。幼虫老熟后离瘿入土化蛹,大多数是被蛹,但也有围蛹。本文描述了各期虫态的形态特征。温湿度及荔枝品种对叶瘿蚊种群数量影响极大,“三月红”对其幼虫有高度的生理抗性。目前已发现5种瘿内幼虫的寄生蜂。每年春天,于越冬幼虫离瘿入土或成虫羽化出土前用辛硫磷进行土表施药,对压低第一代虫口密度效果显著;氧化乐果或喹硫磷、杀虫双、杀虫单、敌杀死等与敌百虫混合喷雾对卵及初孵幼虫均有明显的防效。