Stress Redistribution of Composite Member Resulted from Creep

Different creep coefficients of concrete layers in composite beam will cause redistribution of stress and additional stress in section. Based on the concept of strain compatibility approach, in this paper,the authors deduced a differential equation of the additional inner forces resulted from creep. Thereafter, the authors proposed an equation to calculate stress redistribution of steel and concrete composite beam, concrete composite beam and concrete strengthening member. At last, the formulas of additional stress of the section were proposed.     

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Behaviors of Articular Cartilages

Articular cartilage, which is composed with a solid phase of collagen fibers and proteoglycan and a pore fluid phase, can be depicted with two-phase porous medium model based on mixture theory. This paper analyzed the creep and stress relaxation responses of confined compression problems of articular cartilage with the developed finite element method. The obtained responses of velocities of both solid and fluid phases and the effective stresses of solid phase as well as the pore pressures during the creep and stress relaxation processes of articular cartilage tissues under confined compression can be used as a theoretical reference for man-made cartilage materials, and behave important significance for the research in bio-mechanical engineering area.     

Constitutive Description of Precreep-Plasticity with Experimental Verification

In this paper we put forword a constitutive model based on thermodynamics,Byintroducing generalized time scale, unified constitutive equation including descoription of creep,plasticity and the creep-plasticity interaction effects, is presented,It is shown that the present unifiedconstitutive equation includes plasticity as one special case(dt=0)and creep as the other one(ds=0).By means of analysis of material subetructure for creep, plasticity and creep-plasticityinteraction,a multiplicative harderung function analysis developed here has been compared with Ohashi'sexperimental results,It seem that the present theory could satisfactorily describe Ohashi'sexperimental results.     

Postnatal development of gut microbial activity and their importance for jejunal motility in piglets

Despite their anti-inflammatory properties, role in barrier function, absorption and microbial balance in the gut, knowledge on maturational and dietary effects on intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in neonatal piglets is scarce. Moreover, little information exists whether SCFA and lactic acid (LA) modulates gut motility at this age. The present study aimed (1) to investigate the maturational changes in the SCFA profile with and without creep feeding of piglets in the first 3 wk of life; and (2) to examine the effects of SCFA and LA on muscle contractibility in jejunal tissue from neonatal piglets ex vivo. SCFA concentrations were measured in fecal samples of 52 piglets from 10 litters collected on days 2, 6, 13, and 20 of life using gas chromatography. Half of the litters were fed a commercial creep feed from day 10 of life. The organ bath system was used to test the effect of SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and caproate) as well as of LA and the combination of LA and SCFA on muscle contractibility in piglet’s jejunum. Average daily gain of piglets was similar between groups before and after introduction of creep feed. SCFA were detectable in feces in relevant concentrations from day 2 of life and increased on day 6 in males by 3.0-fold and on day 13 in females by 1.6-fold but decreased again on day 20 in both sexes compared with day 2 (P < 0.05). Creep feeding reduced fecal SCFA by 0.6-fold on day 13 without largely modifying molar proportions, whereas it increased fecal SCFA by 0.8-fold on day 20 of life compared with the sow-reared only piglets (P < 0.05). Applying SCFA ex vivo increased the muscle contraction of the jejunum by 30% (P < 0.05). Likewise, addition of LA and the combination of LA and SCFA increased the jejunal muscle contractibility by 34.9% and 32.2%, respectively, compared with the muscle tension preaddition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present results for fecal SCFA in first days of life suggest high bacterial activity on milk components and emphasize the importance of SCFA for intestinal development and function. After a lag phase, creep feeding promotes fermentation in the distal colon, which may be beneficial for the gut homeostasis. Results further demonstrate the stimulating effect of SCFA and LA for jejunal motility, suggesting a role for mixing of digesta (segmentation) and digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as passage in the jejunum of neonatal piglets.     

甘薯蠕变特性的研究

农业物料的蠕变特性对其收获、贮存、加工过程的影响极为重要．通过对甘薯蠕变特性的试验研究,得出甘薯的流变模型为Ｂｕｒｇｅｒ＇ｓＭｏｄｅｌ,并分析了南薯８８的蠕变曲线及蠕变柔度函数和松弛模量函数．     

考虑蠕变的正交铺设层合柱形曲板的屈曲分析

给出了考虑蠕变影响的各向异性的材料的线性粘弹性本构关系，对正交铺设层合柱形曲板的蠕变屈曲进行了非线性分析。     

番茄粘弹性参数机器人抓取在线估计

为了使采摘机器人在抓取过程中能够对被抓果蔬的粘弹性力学参数进行快速估计,实时优化抓取过程,减少末端执行器对被抓取对象造成机械损伤,以抓取力、变形量、作用时间为输入,建立了番茄粘弹性参数估计的人工神经网络模型。运用质构仪蠕变试验所测的力、变形和时间,以及粘弹性参数E_1、E_2、η_1、η_2作为训练数据集,确定了人工神经网络的拓扑结构和参数,并测试了网络模型的粘弹性参数估计性能。利用二指机器人末端执行器对随机番茄样本进行抓取试验,并在抓取过程中用此模型来在线估计粘弹性参数。通过与质构仪的实测值进行对比发现,当时间t≥0.2 s时,各参数的估计值与实测值之间的相对误差均在25%以内,并根据0.2 s时得到的粘弹性参数对机器人抓取力范围进行了估计。结果表明,利用此方法在机器人抓取过程中可以对被抓番茄粘弹性特性进行估计,为在线优化抓取力提供了依据。     

某加热炉炉管的数值计算与寿命预测

以某加氢加热炉对流室炉管为研究对象,使用ANSYS Workbench软件的热流固耦合分析功能对管内渣油工质的流场、炉管的温度场以及应力场进行分析,观察流体的出口温度是否达到设计要求,找出炉管最大应力位置,之后将模拟应力结果与理论计算应力值进行比较。最后,根据拉森-米勒蠕变寿命评价方程对该加热炉管的寿命进行预测。结果表明,炉管弯头在渣油冲刷和高温蠕变的作用下应力值最大,最容易导致管子失效。渣油出口温度符合设计要求,炉管在考虑蠕变的作用下可以服役5.0×10⁶ h。