浙江南部外海刺鲳资源合理利用的初步研究

根据2006年5月-2007年2月在浙江南部外海进行的4个季节底拖网渔业资源调查资料,利用FiSATⅡ软件估算了刺鲳的生长参数,分析了捕捞死亡系数（F）和开捕年龄（t）c的变化对刺鲳单位补充量（Y/R）所产生的影响。应用Beverton-Holt单位补充量渔获量方程估算刺鲳的最适开捕年龄,运用von Bertalanffy生长方程估算最适开捕叉长,结合刺鲳的生长拐点叉长、临界叉长和最小性成熟叉长确定开捕规格,最终对刺鲳资源的合理利用进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明：浙江南部外海刺鲳的生长参数为：L∞=192mm,K=0.69,t0=-0.67。开发率E达到0.8,已属于重度超额开发。根据研究结果,提出开捕规格宜定在150mm,相应年龄为1.5a,同时将F逐步降至2.0左右,此时YW/R为157.1g,比现行渔业产量增加59.5%。     

Rapid,non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy

Forest soils are pivotal to understanding global carbon (C) cycling and evaluating policies for mitigating global change. However, they are very difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of soil characteristics, the difficulty of representative sampling, and the slow time scale of response to environmental change. Here we demonstrate that use of gamma-ray spectroscopy facilitates in situ non-destructive analysis of C and other elements in forest soils. In this approach the element-specific gamma-rays are induced by fast and thermal neutrons interacting with the nuclei of the elements present in the soil. Background gamma-rays emanating from naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest are recorded as well. We applied this approach in a mature northern hardwood forest on glacial till soils at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system yielded strong signals in gamma-ray counts/h, from C and other elements present in the soil matrix that included silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese and potassium. The INS sensitivity for carbon was 20.656 counts h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ C m⁻² based on current net C gamma-ray counts and the data for the O horizon and mineral soil to a depth of 30 cm obtained from a nearby quantitative soil pit (7.35 kg C m⁻²). We estimate the minimum detectable change to be ∼0.34 kg C m⁻², which is ∼5% of the current soil C content, and the minimum detectable limit to be ∼0.23 kg C m⁻². Eight % reproducibility from 11 measurements was limited, in part, by the large variability in the system counting geometry due to the uneven forest microtopography. The INS approach has the potential to revolutionize belowground monitoring of C and other elements, because the possibility of detecting a 5% change in forest soils has not been possible with destructive sampling methods.     

基于边沿捕获的IRIG—B（DC）码解码的研究与应用

通过研究IRIG—B（DC）iLt3原理,提出了基于定时器脉冲边沿捕获技术来实现IRIG—B（DC）码解码的新方法,并选用STM8S103芯片完成了IRIG—B（DC）码解码器的设计。功能仿真和实际测试表明该设计方法是一种解决自动化系统IRIG—B码解码对时的有效方案。目前,该设计已经成功应用于某变电站中的GPS＆IRIG—B（DC）对时系统。     

利用免疫磁性分离–PCR检测安祖花细菌性枯萎病病原菌

 根据地毯草黄单胞菌花叶万年青致病变种（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae）的RAPD序列设计特异性引物,并对羧基化磁珠的结合性能进行检验,从而建立和优化了免疫磁性分离–PCR体系,对安祖花细菌性枯萎病进行早期检测。结果表明：1 mg磁珠对多克隆抗体最大吸附值为0.268 mg,进行免疫磁性捕获时免疫磁珠的最佳浓度是0.566 ~ 0.741 mg ?mL^-1。免疫磁性分离–PCR可以减少PCR反应中的抑制物质,对X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae的检测灵敏度可以达到10 ~ 100 cfu ?mL^-1,比常规PCR检测灵敏至少100倍。     

长江口日本鳗鲡苗的时空分布与捕捞生产现状

为掌握长江口日本鳗鲡的苗汛特征与捕捞生产现状,于2017—2020年在长江口开展了定点监测和走访调查,分析了长江口鳗苗的汛期规律、捕捞努力量及捕捞产量和产值。研究发现,长江口鳗苗旺发期为2-4月,主要捕捞区域分布在东旺沙、佘山岛和南汇嘴附近水域。长江口鳗苗捕捞努力量呈现下降趋势,有效网口面积从2017年的78.72万m²,下降到2020年的50.40万m²,下降了36%。长江口鳗苗汛期的单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)和总捕捞产量呈现波动变化趋势,2017和2020年较高,分别为(4 474±256)尾/100 m²和(5 220±1 063)尾/100 m²,2018和2019年较低,分别为(1 917±335)和(1 365±257)尾/100 m²。研究表明,长江口鳗苗生产值受到捕捞总产量影响,近4年来逐渐下降。建议进一步加强长江口鳗苗的资源监测和科学评估,指导规范鳗苗捕捞生产。     

Quantitative resistance to symptomless growth of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)

Quantitative resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus was investigated in field and controlled environments using cultivars Darmor (with quantitative resistance) and Eurol (without quantitative resistance). In field experiments, numbers of phoma leaf spot lesions in autumn/winter and severity of stem canker the following summer were assessed in three growing seasons. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in number of leaf lesions in autumn/winter. However, stem cankers were less severe on Darmor than Eurol at harvest the following summer. In controlled-environment experiments, development of leaf lesions at different temperatures (5–25°C) and wetness durations (12–72 h) was investigated using ascospore inoculum; symptomless growth of L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem was quantified using quantitative PCR and visualized using GFP-expressing L. maculans ; growth of L. maculans within stem tissues was investigated using GFP-expressing L. maculans . There were more leaf lesions on Darmor than Eurol, although there was no difference between Darmor and Eurol in L. maculans incubation period. There were no differences between Darmor and Eurol in either distance grown by L. maculans along leaf petioles towards the stem or quantity of L. maculans DNA in leaf petioles, but L. maculans colonized stem tissues less extensively on Darmor than Eurol. It was concluded that quantitative resistance to L. maculans operates during colonization of B. napus stems by the pathogen.     

Impact of cypermethrin on feeding behaviour and mortality of the spider Pardosa amentata in arenas with artificial 'vegetation'

Pesticides can modify invertebrate movement and feeding behaviour which could reduce predation in agroecosystems. Previous assays have exposed the spider Pardosa amentata (Clerck) to the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin and monitored prey items consumed in small containers (requiring very little movement to capture prey). The current study used larger arenas containing artificial 'vegetation' (a plastic analogue) to encourage spiders to hunt and capture prey. The period 24 h after exposure produced greatest variability in prey item consumption between treatments and was used to examine treatment effects. At this time, cypermethrin reduced prey consumption rates but these effects did not persist. Findings did not suggest that the presence of artificial vegetation in arenas modified prey consumption rates, which was consistent for individuals treated with cypermethrin and a control group. This is despite the majority of pesticide-treated individuals exhibiting both ataxia and paralysis of the hind legs (these effects persisting for a maximum of 3 and 6 days respectively). These findings were consistent for both sexes. Spider longevity under starvation conditions was not significantly reduced by cypermethrin exposure but overall females survived longer than males. The findings are discussed in the context of the arenas used and the ecology of this common predator.     

一种适用于数据库应用系统的错误捕获机制

针对 Powerbuilder 所提供的出错控制机制在应用系统运行中交互性差的问题而提出的一种通用错误捕获机制.