大通县长宁镇退耕还林(草)后续产业探讨

分析了退耕还林(草)现状,结果表明,退耕还林草的后续产业发展不足,提出发展退耕还林草的后续产业对策。     

生态林业建设的现状与策略分析

分析生态林业建设的现状和存在的问题,就如何以提高生态林业建设水平为抓手,促进生态林业建设的完善提出建议。     

基于生态文明价值观的家庭林场发展研究

家庭林场经营模式的优点,除了创新经营管理体制,解放农村生产力,调动广大林农的生产经营积极性,促进林农脱贫致富外,还在于该模式内涵丰富的生态文明价值理念,能够将生态文明价值观在代际间传递延续,指导生产实践,保护生态环境,实现永续发展,这对促进生态文明建设、构建美丽中国具有重大的现实作用和深远的影响意义。本研究在阐明家庭林场内涵丰富的生态文明价值理念的基础上,阐释了发展家庭林场的经济、社会和生态效益,并针对目前家庭林场发展存在的问题提出对策建议。     

激光雷达技术在林业科学研究中的进展分析

基于Web of science 数据库检索平台,应用科学引文分析方法对检索到的1 355 篇2000 年以来激光雷达技术 在林学上的应用的文章进行了全面分析,主要涉及发表年份、国家分布、作者排行、期刊分布、作者单位分布、提取 参数等,对该领域所涉及到的主要国际国内会议进行了总结。分析了激光雷达的主要传感器类型和2 种数据结构 (波形和点云),系统总结了主要森林参数的提取方法,包括波形分析、点云分析、参数预测和数据融合。分析认为: 激光雷达技术的林学应用研究的深度和广度均呈现快速上升趋势,研究方法渐成体系,有系统化的国际会议;但研 究水平的地域差异较大,参数提取的机理性、实用性不足,尚未达到成熟,还有很大的提升空间。最后,从理论、应 用及组织3 个方面提出了建议。      

农林类高校女研究生就业困境及对策

以农林类高校女研究生就业困境问题为切入点,对当前农林类高校女研究生就业的现状进行了分析,并探讨了就业困境的原因,同时结合农林类高校女研究生就业的实际情况,并借鉴欧美促进女性就业的策略,提出了相关建议和措施。     

Changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen in an area of Andisol following afforestation with Japanese cedar and Hinoki cypress

Abstract

To determine the rates of increase in C and N stocks in the soil and organic layers following afforestation in Andisols, we measured C and N densities in the organic and soil layers at depths of 0–5, 5–15 and 15–30?cm, together with a chronosequence analysis of 4-year-old, 14-year-old and 23-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and 4-year-old, 12-year-old and 25-year-old Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations. The short-term changes in C and N were confirmed by repeated sampling 5?years after the first sampling. Tree growth, biomass accumulation and organic layers were much greater in Japanese cedar than in Hinoki cypress plantations. Soil C density (kg?m^?3) increased and bulk density decreased with stand age in the surface layer (0–5?cm). The average soil C accumulation rate was 22.9?g?C?m^?2?year^?1 for Japanese cedar and 21.1?g?C?m^?2?year^?1 for Hinoki cypress. Repeated sampling showed that the rate of increase in C in the surface soil was relatively slow in young stands and that soil C density (kg?m^?3) in the subsurface soil did not change over a 5-year period. Although N accumulated in the tree biomass and organic layers, the soil N density (kg?m^?3) did not change after afforestation. Although the andic properties of the soil and differences in the planted species did not influence the rate of increase in soil C, soil C density was expected to increase to a concentration greater than 80?g?kg^?1, possibly because of the large C accumulation capacity of Andisols.     

Environmental Change and the Sustainability of European Forests

Summary

It is some years now since forest decline was a major public concern in Europe and was one of the principal environmental issues around which international research programs were focused. A number of internationally coordinated activities were initiated in the 1980s and 1990s and have continued until now; these contributed significantly to our current understanding of forestry and to the way in which forestry policies have developed. In short, the concept of sustainable development has had an increasing influence and is now of immeasurable value in forest policy, with sustainable forest management well established as its guiding principle. This sequence of events is examined here. The extent to which understanding has advanced is remarkable; much has changed. Arguably this period gave the first indication of the extent to which forests and ecosystems globally are threatened by environmental change. On the basis of the last 20 years, it is tempting to conclude that we now have an effective institutional framework and have made excellent progress. However, some of the recorded ecosystem responses seem anomalous; there are surprises in system responses, e.g., the linkage between sulphur and nitrogen depositions and forest growth. Even more importantly some specific pollutant problems remain and will intensify, and climate change has become an environmental issue of overwhelming importance.     

基于随机森林的高寒草地地上生物量高光谱估算

草地地上生物量（Aboveground biomass,AGB）是衡量草地生产力的关键因素,准确测定草地AGB具有重要意义。高光谱因具有时效性强、不破坏草地等特点被广泛用于草地生理生态指标的测定。本研究提取和计算了海北试验站高寒草地冠层的原始光谱（Original spectrum,OR）反射率、一阶微分光谱（First derivative spectrum,FD）反射率、光谱位置面积参数（Spectral parameters of spectral position and area,PA）和植被指数（Vegetation indices,VI）4种不同类型的特征变量,使用连续投影算法（Successive projections algorithm,SPA）和递归特征消除算法（Recursive feature elimination,RFE）进行特征选择,采用随机森林算法（Random forest,RF）构建草地AGB估测模型。结果表明：在由4种特征变量分别构建的草地AGB估测模型中,基于VI的RF模型精度最高（测试集R²=0.70,RMSE=557.87 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB与估测AGB的线性R²达到0.72;不同类型特征变量组合构建的草地AGB估测模型中,PA+VI组合的RF模型精度最高（R²=0.71,RMSE=548.97 kg·ha^-1）,实测AGB和估测AGB的线性R²达到0.73。     

豫西丘陵地区果牧结合立体生态园设计的探讨

根据豫西丘陵地区生态、经济、社会条件以及目前农牧业生产中存在的突出问题，提出果牧结合立体生态园建设是该地区生态农业发展的重要途径。并在调查和初步研究基础上设计了“畜（禽）—果”、“畜（禽）—沼—果”等果牧结合模式，分析了生态园建设研究中要探讨的具体内容。     

小麦随机多交后代中抗条锈(Puccinia striiformis)性的选择

本试验用16个被认为可能具有水平抗性的小麦品种为基础材料,采用乙烯利化学杀雄或太谷核不育为手段进行随机多交,以相对抗病性综合指数(RRCI)表示抗病性强度,研究了小麦条锈病水平抗性的遗传力及人工选择下的遗传进度,结果指出:1)随机多交的后代系统中,出现了一些抗条锈性显著高于优良亲本的系统。2)抗条锈性的遗传力较高:化