竹柏叶片及其枝条中挥发油化学成分分析与比较

用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取竹柏叶片及其枝条中挥发油，通过GC-MS 对其进行分析，用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果表明，从竹柏叶片及其枝条挥发油中各检测出36和43个成分，共检测出52种物质，定性组分含量分别占二者挥发油总含量的90.05％和87.8％。竹柏叶片及其枝条挥发油中共有成分27种；特有成分，叶片有9种，枝条有16种。本实验结果可为竹柏提取药用原料部位的选择以及化学成分的精准利用等方面提供重要的参考依据。     

四种罗汉松属植物茎水力结构特征初步研究

对罗汉松属(Podocarpus)竹柏(P.nagi)、长叶竹柏(P.fleuryi)、罗汉松(P.macrophyllus)和大理罗汉松(P.forrestii)4种植物茎水力结构特征参数进行了测定。结果显示,4种植物平均叶面积和茎端总叶面积均差异明显;4种植物的胡伯尔值(Hv)、边材密度、导水率(Kh)、比导率(Ks)、叶比导率(LSC)没有显著差异,与其平均叶面积也没有显著的相关性,可能是由于4种植物的茎端总叶面积没有显著差异引起的。     

百日青栽培及其幼林生长规律

通过在普文试验林场对百日青（Podocarpus neriifolius）栽培试验的调查与分析结果表明,在普文山地栽培的百日青没有明显的休眠期,全年均在生长,但年生长量的70%左右集中在5—11月。百日青在容器内生长较慢,年均高生长量仅为35 cm,地径生长量0.46 cm;定植后生长不断加快,年平均高生长量达74 cm,地径生长也达0.65 cm。     

百日青容器苗分级研究

采用主成分分析和逐步聚类分析法,对6月生百日青(Podocarpusne neriifolius)容器苗的苗木分级标准进行分析.结果表明,苗高和地径的累积贡献率为84.473％,是评价苗木质量分级的主导因子,利用苗高和地径2个质量指标,获得苗木3级分级标准,即Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥24.7 cm,地径≥0.31 cm;Ⅱ级苗:24.7 cm＞苗高≥17.9 cm,0.31 cm＞地径≥0.27 cm;Ⅲ级苗:苗高＜17.9 cm,地径＜0.27 cm.     

罗汉松内生真菌的抑菌活性研究

为了研究药用植物内生真菌的次生代谢产物是否具有抑菌活性,以96株罗汉松内生真菌为研究材料,将菌丝及其培养液经氯仿-甲醇抽提后,采用杯碟法测定了全部菌株的抑菌活性。罗汉松内生真菌中49%的菌株具有抑菌作用,其中菌株LHS18、LHS42、LHS67、LHS92和LHS93抽提物经100倍稀释后对金黄色葡萄球菌仍有强的抑菌作用,菌株LHS30抽提物的100倍稀释溶液对大肠杆菌的生长有强烈的抑制作用。对抑菌活性较强的6株菌根据其ITS序列相似性进行了分子鉴定。菌株LHS18和LHS42鉴定为烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）,LHS92为四孢脉孢菌（Neurospora tetrasperma）,LHS30为丝枝霉（Aphanocladium sp.）,LHS67为拟茎点霉（Phomopsis liquidambari）,LHS93未能鉴定出种属。研究结果提示,罗汉松内生真菌中49%菌株具有抑菌活性,其中6株菌对动物和人类的病原菌有强列的抑制作用,是挖掘高效抑菌物质的重要资源。     

Role reversal in the stand dynamics of an angiosperm–conifer forest: Colonising angiosperms precede a shade-tolerant conifer in Afrotemperate forest

In mixed angiosperm–conifer forests worldwide, infrequent landscape-level catastrophic disturbances create a mosaic of persistent and different aged forest stands in the landscape with varying levels of dominance by the conifer component. In the ‘temporal stand replacement model’ (TSRM), disturbance creates conditions favouring a colonising cohort that is replaced by a suite of relatively shade-tolerant canopy species, which establish following the synchronous senescence of the pioneer canopy. In most southern hemisphere mixed angiosperm–conifer forests, with the exception of those in southern Africa, the establishing cohort is usually a large and very long-lived (550–650 years) conifer that is gradually replaced by angiosperms. As an explanation of the apparent dominance of the conifer Podocarpus latifolius, we examine the efficacy of the TSRM in mixed Afrotemperate forests where the establishing cohort is not a conifer. Forest succession in Afrotemperate forests was deterministic with the successive replacement of species determined first by their establishment success in shaded environments, and second, by their relative longevity. Several angiosperm species that were common canopy dominants established a pioneer cohort but were gradually replaced by P. latifolius, a shade-tolerant species. Continuous regeneration beneath the angiosperm canopy by P. latifolius eliminates synchronous canopy senescence, a key feature of the TSRM, as a mechanism driving the temporal replacement of canopy species. Senescing angiosperms created canopy gaps that were colonised by grasses and ferns, which suppressed canopy tree regeneration. In contrast, with continuous regeneration beneath the shaded canopy, P. latifolius gains a critical advantage over angiosperms at gap formation. Thus, in the absence of fairly large-scale natural disturbances, conifers come to dominate Afrotemperate forests. Commensurate with the latter, conifers in Podocarpus-forest were dated to approximately 320 years, more than 100 years older than the oldest P. latifolius in angiosperm-dominated forest. Tree life-history differences (shade tolerance, longevity) and the time since disturbance drive successional change from an angiosperm-dominated system to a stage dominated by P. latifolius. In general, the TSRM is a plausible explanation for the observed canopy tree structure and dynamics in mixed Afrotemperate forests. South African Afrotemperate forest is unusual among other southern hemisphere mixed angiosperm–conifer forests in that a suite of angiosperm canopy species, rather than a single conifer species, forms the colonising cohort.     

一种罗汉松害虫——橙带蓝尺蛾

一种新发生的对罗汉松造成严重危害的害虫在深圳大鹏地区被发现,经研究确认该虫为橙带蓝尺蛾(Milionia basalis Walker),该虫在日本、中国台湾严重危害罗汉松,近年来在广西、广东等地均有为害报道。鉴于其对寄主植物造成的严重危害,本文对其检疫鉴定特征进行详细描述,并提出防控建议,为应对其检疫鉴定及传播危害提供理论基础。     

基质及浸种方式对竹柏容器苗生长的影响

采用不同基质的容器袋进行竹柏育苗试验,种子分别采用清水浸种和高锰酸钾消毒后再用清水浸种两种处理方式,容器基质用红壤、火烧土、家禽粪、羊粪、过磷酸钙等按不同比例配制。结果显示:应用高锰酸钾消毒后,种子平均发芽率比不消毒的种子平均发芽率提高2.5个百分点。容器袋育苗1a生的苗木,采用红壤15kg+火烧土23kg+家禽粪30kg+羊粪31kg+过磷酸钙1kg配制的营养土基质苗木生长效果最好,平均苗高1.25m,平均地径4.8cm。     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

翘鳞肉齿菌营养成分分析及价值评价

翘鳞肉齿菌子实体营养成分,氨基酸和矿质元素分析结果表明,翘鳞肉齿菌子实体含有丰定的粗蛋白和氨基酸,粗蛋白含量可达２５５．５ｇ／ｋｇ,所含地１６种氨基酸含总量为２０８．７ｇ／ｋｇ,其中有７种人体必需氨基酸,总量达到８８．６ｇ／ｋｇ,占氨基酸总量的４２．５％,子实体还含有多种矿质元素,说明翘鳞肉齿菌具有极高的营养价值。翘鳞肉齿菌菌丝和发酵液和氨基酸和元素分析结果表明,菌丝和发酵液的氨基酸含量也较高,分