豫东地区白三叶草坪昆虫群落调查及分析

对河南省豫东地区主要城市白三叶草坪昆虫群落进行调查,以期为豫东地区白三叶草坪害虫的综合治理提供科学依据。调查鉴定结果表明,豫东地区白三叶草坪昆虫群落包括13目41科93种,其中害虫种类67种,天敌25种,杂食性昆虫1种。害虫的优势种包括中黑盲蝽、大豆蚜、烟粉虱、花蓟马、棉尖卷叶蛾、暗黑鳃金龟、黄斑跳甲、甜菜夜蛾等,不同季节优势种不同,它们是综合治理的主要对象。     

白三叶草一种叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

明确在山东省聊城市白三叶草上发现的一种叶斑病的病原菌,以期为该病害的防控提供参考.2019年采集山东省聊城市东昌府区具有叶斑病的白三叶叶片,利用组织分离法分离病原菌,并依据柯赫式法则验证致病性.在形态学观察的基础上,对病原菌进行分子生物学鉴定,构建系统发育树,分析其遗传多样性.从发病叶片中分离得到病原菌(标记为SY1)...     

Forage quality of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) × Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M. Bieb.) hybrids and their grass companion when grown over three harvest years

Interspecific hybrids between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) have been developed to introgress the rhizomatous growth habit into white clover, to increase persistence and drought tolerance. The forage quality of T. repens, T. ambiguum and the backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) hybrids and companion grass, when grown in mixtures with an intermediate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under a cutting‐only management, was measured. In vitro dry‐matter digestibility (DMD), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentrations of the legume and grass fractions were measured throughout the growing season over three harvest years. Trifolium repens had a lower WSC but a higher CP concentration than the perennial ryegrass companion in all harvest years and at all cuts. The legume fractions from the BC1 and BC2 hybrid plots had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration but an in vitro DMD value comparable with white clover throughout the growing season and in each harvest year. The grass fractions from the mixtures with the backcross hybrids had a higher WSC and a lower CP concentration than the grass fraction from the T. repens plots, in all harvest years and throughout the growing season. No difference in in vitro DMD between parental species and backcross hybrids was observed. The implications of these results for the development of these hybrids and animal performance are discussed.     

Effects of defoliation on carbohydrate status,nodules and spring growth in white clover in a sub-arctic climate

Abstract

In order to improve the basis for utilizing white clover (Trifolium repens L) in northern agriculture, we studied the effects of defoliation intensity on spring growth in a sub-arctic climate in relation to carbohydrate and nodule status. White clover plants (cv Snowy) were studied in a pot experiment in the field on the coast of northern Norway from spring 2001 until spring 2002. The experiment was repeated with some modifications from spring 2002 until spring 2003. During the growing season from summer to autumn, the plants were totally stripped of leaves down to the stolon, cut at four or seven cm height or left undisturbed. The plants were sampled destructively in autumn, early spring and late spring and sorted into leaves, stolons and roots. The plant material was weighed and analysed for carbohydrate reserves and nodule number. Defoliation during the growing season resulted in reduced concentration of reserve carbohydrates in autumn and reduced winter survival of the stolons. The most severe defoliation treatment reduced the herbage growth in spring. In contrast, the two milder defoliation treatments had no effect on herbage growth during spring or on total plant dry matter and nodule status in late spring. In conclusion, moderate defoliation during the growing season had no effect on herbage growth the following spring nor on carbohydrate, nodule or dry matter status of the plant in late spring. Moderate defoliation increased spring growth and thereby also the nitrogen demand of the plants. This probably enhanced nodule formation and development of inactive to active nodules.     

玉米及玉米田3种杂草对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和产卵的影响

为研究草地贪夜蛾在玉米田周围杂草上的生长发育情况,对草地贪夜蛾田间防控提供参考,本研究在(28±1)℃,相对湿度(70±5)%,光周期L∥D=16 h∥8 h的人工气候箱条件下,选用玉米Zea mays及玉米田常见的主要杂草扁穗雀麦Bromus catharticus、白花三叶草Trifolium repens、三叶鬼针草Bidens pilosa,探究了草地贪夜蛾在这4种植物上不同虫态的发育历期、蛹重以及卵的孵化率、1~3龄幼虫对4种植物的选择性等。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾在4种植物上均可完成整个世代的生长发育。其中三叶鬼针草处理的草地贪夜蛾幼虫期和蛹期最长,分别为15.97 d和8.33 d;三叶鬼针草处理下草地贪夜蛾蛹重为107.90 mg,显著低于其他3种植物处理的蛹重(P<0.05),玉米、白花三叶草、扁穗雀麦处理的蛹重分别为243.50、239.97、235.80 mg;草地贪夜蛾在4种植物上产卵量具有显著差异(P<0.05),白花三叶草上最高,为2302粒,三叶鬼针草上最低,为827粒;草地贪夜蛾1~3龄幼虫在玉米、扁穗雀麦和白花三叶草上的发育适合度高于三叶鬼针草。草地贪夜蛾在玉米田周围常见3种杂草上可完成生长发育,在防治草地贪夜蛾时,玉米收获后应尽快清除田边杂草,以减少第二季或者次年玉米上的种群基数。     

Root and shoot competition between established grass species and newly sown seedlings during spring growth

Competition between established Dactylis glomerata or Festuca pratensis / Taraxacum officinale swards and seedlings of Trifolium pratense was studied under field conditions in Norway. Root competition from the Festuca pratensis / Taraxacum officinale sward was significantly greater than that from a Dactylis glomerata sward. The balance in root and shoot competition varied between experimental years because of variation in environmental conditions. In the first experimental year, root competition had a greater effect on seedling dry weight than shoot competition, whereas the opposite was found in the second year. However, both root and shoot competition (full competition) in comparison with no competition gave proportionally the same effects in both years, indicating that an alleviation in root competition will be followed by intensified shoot competition. An increasing effect of shoot competition with time on plant dry weight was found. In a second experiment, seedlings of Lolium perenne and Trifolium pratense produced the highest plant dry weights in competition with an established Phleum pratense sward, followed by seedlings of Poa pratensis , Phleum pratense and Trifolium repens in decreasing order. However, no interactions between seedling species and competition treatments were found, indicating no differences in sensitivity between seedling species to competition from the established grass sward. The results are discussed in the context of renovating grassland by direct drilling.     

微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)对白三叶种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性影响

以白三叶种子和幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度MC-RR对白三叶种子萌发、抗氧化酶活性变化以及MC-RR在白三叶体内积累规律。结果表明,发芽率和发芽势随着处理浓度的增加而降低,在高浓度处理下,与对照相比显著降低;株高随着MC-RR处理浓度增加而显著降低,根长和鲜重在低浓度处理下显著增加,在高浓度处理下显著降低;抗氧化酶活性的变化不尽相同,SOD活性随着处理浓度的增加与对照相比呈先增加后降低而后又增加的趋势,POD活性随着处理浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,CAT活性的变化趋势不同于SOD和POD;单位鲜重白三叶MC-RR含量随着处理浓度的增加与0.05 mg/L处理下的MC-RR含量相比显著增加,而生物富集系数的变化趋势则与单位鲜重白三叶MC-RR含量相反,随着MC-RR处理浓度的增加而降低。说明随着MC-RR处理浓度的增加,白三叶受到的伤害增大。     

激素配比对白三叶草叶片愈伤组织诱导的影响

用白三叶草叶片作外植体,以MS为基本培养基,用不同比例的细胞分裂素（BA）和生长素（NAA）进行了愈伤组织诱导研究。结果表明：以3.0 mg/L的细胞分裂素和3.0 mg/L的生长素组合对白三叶草叶片分化具有较好的促进作用,即适宜的培养基为MS＋BA 3.0 mg/L＋NAA 3.0 mg/L,诱导率为53.3%。     

白三叶草坪昆虫群落调查及分析

通过对白三叶草坪的昆虫群落系统调查,运用群落的重要指标:样本昆虫数(S)、丰富度(N)、多样性指数(H')、均匀度(J)对该群落进行了分析,基本搞清了白三叶草坪昆虫群落的组分及其群落的演替情况。结果显示白三叶草坪昆虫群落由43种组成,分属13个目。其中,鞘翅目和半翅目是群落主体,蜗牛和豆象是害虫的优势种群,蜘蛛和瓢虫是天敌的优势种群。不同季节昆虫群落害虫和天敌的演替情况不同,尤其以夏末至秋季阶段最为突出。本研究为白三叶草坪的管理提供了科学理论依据。     

马蹄金草坪的建植与养护技术

马蹄金属C3植物 ,具有相对较高的光饱和点 ,对光有较强的适应性 ,很适应云南气候环境 ,在云南广泛推广应用 ,为城市绿化增色不少。总结了 1990年至今对马蹄金草坪的建植与养护管理技术 ,为马蹄金草坪管理提供理论依据