绿僵菌对金龟子的感病性试验

在室内用绿僵菌液喷洒３种金龟子幼虫，黄闪丽金龟、棕色鳃金龟和直蜉金龟子的感病率分别为９０．２％、５０．０％和８３．３％。用黄闪丽金龟子幼虫作试验，在室内观察不同施用菌剂的方法对该虫的防效，结果土壤中施用菌剂，在菌土比为１：１２５０时，防效为８６．２％；用菌剂拌麦种（菌剂麦种比为１：１０）防效为６２．５％；在小麦出苗后分３次施用菌液，防治效果为６４．８％。     

绿僵菌防治椰心叶甲的毒力菌株筛选

在室内用绿僵菌的分生孢子悬浮液喷洒椰心叶甲成虫和幼虫，检测了不同来源的21株绿僵菌菌株对椰心叶甲的致病力。初步试验结果表明，A类菌株中的MA2、MA4和MA9，B类菌株中的MB2、MIM、MB5、MB6和MB7等对椰心叶甲的成虫和幼虫均具有较理想的效果，处理5天后成虫和幼虫的平均僵死率可达95％以上。但由于A类菌株比B类菌株产孢快、孢子量多，所以对A类菌株的MA2、MA4和MA9菌株再做进一步的室内毒力试验。最终结果表明，MA4菌株对椰心叶甲的毒力相对是最高的，具有较大的开发利用价值。     

7株绿僵菌防治德国小蠊的毒力筛选

本文用7个绿僵菌(Metarhizium)菌株对德国小蠊Blattella germanica(Linnaeus) 进行注射生测,筛选出了一个致病菌株进行五代复壮选育。该株绿僵菌Metarhizitun anisopliae (Metsch)Sorokin复壮前对雌雄成虫注射生测LD50依次为13.2与8.9天;复壮后对雌雄成虫背部点滴生测12天的LDm值均为1.3×10~5孢子/虫。通过CP包埋剂制作石蜡切片对僵虫体内菌丝核和体表孢子堆进行了观察。     

低浓度噻嗪酮与黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱协同作用的生物测定

在实验室中测定了低浓度噻嗪酮与黄绿绿僵菌 Metarhizium anisopliae var.acridum 对褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens 不同龄期若虫和成虫的协同致死作用。结果表明,低浓度噻嗪酮与黄绿绿僵菌混合施用时对褐飞虱表现明显的协同作用。与单独施用噻嗪酮相比,混合施用时对低龄若虫的 LT_(50)缩短了约22天;对高龄若虫的 LT_(50)缩短了约57天;单独施用时对成虫几乎没有作用,而混合施用时的 LT_(50)为3.77天。与单独施用黄绿绿僵菌相比,混合施用时对低龄若虫、高龄若虫、成虫的 LT_(50)也都缩短了1～2天。混合施用时对不同发育阶段的褐飞虱的毒力顺序为成虫>高龄若虫>低龄若虫。     

绿僵菌R8-4菌株大量培养固相阶段的条件

研究了昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌R8—4菌株液固两相法培养过程中固相培养阶段的条件，包括培养基载体、接种量、接种后基质含水量、培养过程中的温度、光照、通气量等因素对产孢量的影响。结果表明：蛭石和稻壳均可作为固相培养的优良载体，以蛭石为载体的产孢量稍高于稻壳。玉米粉和麦麸组合是该菌的良好营养源，与不同载体配合均可使产孢量达到20×100孢子／g以上；以小米提供营养的不如麦麸加玉米粉，当小米与载体的质量比大于3：1可获得15×100孢子／g的产孢量。液固接种比以8：10最佳；接种后适宜的基质含水量约为55％，产孢量达28．9×10^8孢子／g；在培养过程中，恒温培养时以25℃为宜；最佳温度调节方式是先在25℃下培养16d后转移到21℃下再培养5d，可获得最高产孢量；光照调节对菌株生长和产孢有重要影响，培养前期在暗环境培养14d，再于光照培养7d的产孢量最高；高通气量利于菌株生长和产孢，应保持容器通气口通畅，培养基厚度以〈4cm为宜。     

利用绿僵菌防治鳞翅目害虫研究

:1995～ 1998年在山西省农科院植保所和太原市小店区蔬菜田进行了绿僵菌对甘蓝小菜蛾、甘蓝菜青虫和番茄棉铃虫的杀虫效果及壮苗试验。结果表明 ,绿僵菌对小菜蛾的杀虫率为74 4 8% ,对菜青虫的杀虫率为 77 73% ,对棉铃虫的杀虫率为 53 98%。用绿僵菌浸种的辣椒苗和茄子苗颜色深绿 ,苗齐苗壮 ,长势好。     

田间施放绿僵菌防治稻水象甲效果评价

在稻水象甲成虫怀卵期,田间用绿僵菌（１０＾１４孢子／ｈｍ＾２）喷雾防治,１３天后对成虫的防治效果达９２．５％。经防治后的幼虫和次代成虫平均虫口分别为２．１２和０．３０头／从,而对照分别为８．４０和４．１７头／丛,差异均达极显著（ｔ〉０．０１）。对虫口密度高发地块,若采取菌剂和化学膛药配合使用,效果则更佳。     

Biopesticide based sustainable pest management for safer production of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa

Vegetables are one of the important crops which could alleviate poverty and malnutrition among the smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Africa. However, a plethora of pests limit the productivity of these crops, leading to economic losses. Vegetable producers overwhelmingly rely on chemical pesticides in order to reduce pest‐caused economic losses. However, over‐reliance on chemical pesticides poses serious threats to human and environmental health. Hence, biopesticides offer a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable pest management programs. Baculoviruses such as nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and granulovirus (GV) have been exploited as successful biological pesticides in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Maruca vitrata multiple nucleocapsid NPV (MaviMNPV) was found to be a unique baculovirus specifically infecting pod borer on food legumes, and it has been successfully developed as a biopesticide in Asia and Africa. Entomopathogenic fungi also offer sustainable pest management options. Several strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have been tested and developed as biopesticides in Asia and Africa. This review specifically focuses on the discovery and development of entomopathogenic virus and fungi‐based biopesticides against major pests of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against Cataenococcus ensete [Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)] on enset

Enset root mealybug, Cataenococcus ensete Williams and Matile-Ferrero, (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an economically important pest on enset. Adults and nymphs of overlapping generations feed on the corms and roots of enset and are difficult to control once established. Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnickoff) Sorokin that originated from Ethiopia were evaluated for their efficacies against enset root mealybugs under laboratory, pots and field conditions. Of the tested isolates, two strains (FF and PPRC-56) of B. bassiana were found to be highly pathogenic to adults, causing 97 and 100% mortality, respectively 20 days after inoculation under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, the isolates PPRC-56, FF, PPRC-6 and Mm induced mean mortalities of 97, 95, 96 and 83%, respectively, to the adult enset root mealybugs on the pot experiment, and 51.33, 38.67, 29.33 and 19.33% mortality at the first site and 54.00, 42.67, 32.00 and 25.33% at the second site, respectively, in field experiments. The study showed B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can be used in the integrated management of enset root mealybug.