低速大扭矩室内动态模拟加载器及其控制系统

作者在1984年研制出我国第一台低速大扭矩加载器及其动态模拟液E伺服控制系统,本文介绍了该系统的设计、试验研究和微机控制,大量的试验研究表明,该系统性能良好。     

华北平原滴灌灌溉频率对萝卜生长的影响

研究了华北平原秋萝卜滴灌条件下 ,不同滴灌频率处理对萝卜叶面积系数、叶绿素含量、萝卜周径膨大、萝卜干重积累、根长密度、根干重密度等萝卜生长参数的影响并比较了各处理间萝卜产量的差异 ,发现在华北平原下半年降雨较多的情况下种植秋萝卜 ;1滴灌频率无论是 1 d1次还是 8d1次 ,对萝卜生长发育都没有明显影响 ;2滴灌条件下萝卜的平均重量和产量大大高于地面灌溉     

甜樱桃四倍体杂种砧木Y1高频、高效离体再生体系研究

以甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木Y1试管苗叶片为外植体,探讨了不同基本培养基、激素组合、暗培养时间和叶片发育阶段对其不定芽再生的影响,建立甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木的高频、高效离体再生体系,为进一步进行遗传转化研究奠定基础。结果表明,甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木Y1采用WPM培养基再生效果最好,明显优于MS和DKW培养基;最佳激素组合为6-BA2.0 mg.L-1+IBA1.0 mg.L-1;接种后暗培养可以明显提高不定芽再生率,最适宜暗培养时间为14 d;Y1试管苗顶部完全展开的幼嫩叶片再生能力最高。通过以上条件的优化,成功建立了甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木的高频、高效离体再生体系,离体叶片不定芽再生率达90%,每叶片平均再生不定芽数达4.1。     

Response of Maize and Cowpea Grown Sequentially to Application of Phosphate Rock in the Humid Tropics

Field trials were conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan in 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficiency of some phosphorus (P) sources, rates, and frequency of application on grain yields of maize and cowpea grown sequentially. The experiment was laid out in a split–split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design, with three replications. The main plot was frequency of fertilizer application (seasonal and annual). Source of P [single superphosphate (SSP: 18% P₂O₅)]; Ogun rock phosphate (OPR: 20.21% P₂O₅), and crystallizer super (CS: 31.4% P₂O₅) constituted the subplots. The P rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P ha^?1) were the sub-subplots. An early maize cropping followed by a late-season cowpea was the sequential cropping, while an early maize followed by a late-season maize was the continuous cropping. The croppings were repeated the second year. Frequency of P application and source of P were significantly different while rates of application were not. Maize and cowpea grain yields from the control treatment were significantly less than yields from P-treated plots. Maize grain yields were slightly greater in plots alternated with cowpea, compared to continuous maize. Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) values of OPR and CS were 67% and 75%, respectively, in annual application and 140% and 134% in seasonal applications, respectively, in 2000. In 2001, the trend was almost similar to 2000 except that there was a decline in RAE values of cowpea. Each Naira invested in the annual application returned about ?3.12 while about ?2.13 was returned with the seasonal application (?125.00 is the equivalent of USD$1.00). The OPR and CS can serve as alternatives to water-soluble sources such as SSP.     

变频调速系统控制方法的研究

针对传统变频调速控制系统的不足,本文在交―交变频调速系统的基础上,引入了一种新的控制方法———对称余弦控制法。这种控制方法不但兼顾了传统控制方法所固有的正弦性,同时又由于它自身控制方式的特点,能很好地解决波形的对称性问题,同时兼顾输出波形的对称度与正弦度。通过仿真实验,该控制方式能很好地兼顾对称度和正弦度,输出的谐波含量也较小,取得了良好的效果。     

Establishment of Efficient Regeneration System of Populus×euramericana cl.‘Bofeng’

Compared with the species of Leuce section,the difficulty in plant regeneration during tissue culture for the species of Aigeiros section is a key limiting factor for their application in genetic engineering of forest trees.In this study,the plant growth regulators combination,copper concentration,light intensity,and the selection pressures of kanamycin were investigated using leaves of Populus×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ as explants,and a stable and high efficient regeneration system was established.Using this system,both the shoot regeneration rate and rooting rate were up to 100%,and the average number of differentiated shoots in each leaf explant was up to 20,and the survival rate of seedlings reached 98%.The optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in shoot inducement for leaf-explant was 40 mg·L^-1,and the optimal selection pressure of kanamycin in root inducement of adventitious bud was 20 mg·L^-1.The authors also found that differentiation rate of adventitious buds of P.×euramericana cl.’Bofeng’ could be significantly promoted by increased copper concentration,and this is the first report about the key role of copper（Cu） in explant regeneration of Poplars.This regeneration system with high frequency which was established by the authors was as good as that of species of Leuce section,and it provides a good technological platform for genetic engineering of forest tree which uses the species of Aigeiros section as model materials.     

施肥水平和刈割制度对鸭茅生产性能的影响

对 1997、1998两年播种量为 2 0kg/hm2 的鸭茅进行播种试验 ,氮肥水平分别是 0 ,37,74,111,148,185kg/hm2 ;刈割频率每年为 2次、3次。氮肥水平增加到 74kg/hm2 时 ,干物质 (DM )产量最高 ,首次刈割推迟 ,刈割周期延长 ,DM产量提高。提早播种对于提高产量有显著影响 ,晚秋 (10月份 )收割会使冬季营养贮备贫乏 ,从而对安全越冬造成威胁。鸭茅总含氮量 2 .5 8% 4.40 % ,在氮肥水平低于111kg/hm2 时 ,含氮量受氮肥水平的影响不大。体外干物质消化率 (IVDMD)受刈割频率的影响较大 ,氮肥水平高于 74kg/hm2 时 ,硝态氮 (NO3 N)积累量超过 0 .15 % ,可能会对家畜造成毒害作用     

稻瘟病菌菌株在寄主上的相互作用研究

作者采用常规的组织分离、单孢分离、孢子培养和接种的方法,研究了稻瘟病菌菌株在14个品种秧苗上的相互作用。结果表明,所有不同来源的单孢菌株间、集团菌株间在中等抗性品种上均有各种类型相互作用。从简化鉴定工作程序和接近病菌在大田存在互作的实际出发,作者建议以不同地区和不同品种的集团菌株混合接种,测定育种早稻材料的抗病性。     

生物间遗传学在防治河北省小麦叶锈病研究中的应用

作者应用生物间遗传学的观点和方法,对河北省的小麦品种与叶锈菌的相互作用进行了分析。供试的叶锈菌是来自河北省的177个标样,供试的28个小麦品种包括河北省的主要生产品种、区试品种(系)抗源和新鉴别寄主。用毒力频率法分析品种与叶锈菌群体的关系,有6个品种即鉴61、保麦2号、翼植88-5163、石86-2848、唐86-4043和百农3217表现较抗病。根据这6个品种对叶锈菌群体的反应、列出33种不同的毒性公式,在此基础上,根据若干品种对叶锈菌群体同时表现抵抗或感染计算抗性组合,为品种合理布局选择最佳组合,在小种鉴定方面,用新鉴别寄主对177个菌株的反应鉴定出频率在3.4%以上的小种8个,其中以V1,9-16和V1,9-12,14-16的频率较高,分别为13.6%和10.7%,也是近两年来北方冬麦区常出现的小种类型。在小种鉴定的基础上,根据28个品种与6个优势小种互作所出现的浸染型来推导品种和叶锈菌的基因型,共推导出7个抗性基因分散在不同的品种中。     

载有集中质量梁的振动频率

本文所讨论的是载有集中质量的梁的振动频率.假设粱的一端由恒定刚度的弹簧铰定,另一端是自由的.通过频率方程求解,发现了极值频率定理.理论证明:如果集中质量很小(对梁的质量而言),当集中质量的位置改变,位于无载梁的某次简正振动的节点(腹点),振动频率具有极大(极小)值.极大频率就是梁在该次的简正振动的频率,与集中质量的大小无关;极小频率却与质量有关.最后在改变边界条件的情况下,梁振动的极值频率定理也被研究是成立的.所以本定理具有普遍意义.