新疆博尔塔拉河干流段水量入,出关系分析

本研究运用线性系统的理论和单、双序列的频谱分析方法，分析了新疆博尔塔拉河干流段温泉站入流量、博乐站出流量的自谱特征和互谱关系。文中提出的几点结论可供流域水资源计算及评价参考     

利福平乙基纤维素微球在小鼠体内的组织分布

以有机相分散、溶媒扩散二步法制备了利福平乙基纤维素微球，粒径范围2.5-12.5μm，其中粒径2.5-5.0μm的约占63％。采用微生物测定法研究了利福平乙基纤维素微球静脉给药后，利福平在小鼠体内的组织分布，且与游离利福平在小鼠体内组织分布进行了比较，小鼠单剂量静脉注射游离利福平或利福平乙基纤维素微球（相当于利福平原药）10mg/kg，测定0.5、1、3、7、12、24、48、72、120、168h共10个时间点各组织中的药物浓度。结果表明，游离利福平给药组和利福平乙基纤维素微球给药组在12h内均以肝脏中药物浓度为最高，为9.96-22.41μg/g，在3h内微球给药组高于游离药物给药组，7、12h微球给药组的药物浓度迅速下降，低于游离药物给药组；肾脏的药物浓度在12h内微球给药组明显低于游离药物给药组，24－168h微球给药组的药物浓度下降迟缓，显著高于游离药物给药组直到168药物浓度始终是微球给药组高于游离药物给药组，12h游离药物给药组已不能检出药物含量，而微球给药组直到168h仍维持在5.44μg/g，接近游离药物给药组的最高峰值；血清中利福平浓度在48h已不能检出，而微球给药组在168h为1.33mg/L；心脏、用脏微球给药组和游离药物给药组的药物浓度变化无统计学意义，与游离药物相比，利福平微球明显提高了肺脏中的药物分布，降低了利福平对肝脏、肾脏的毒性，并显著延缓了药物代谢，说明利福平微球具有长效、靶向作用。     

柑桔三倍体苗的试管嫁接及微繁殖研究

甜橙胚乳三倍体试管苗茎段及顶芽采用试管扦插培养难于生根,亦不能正常生长;而将其茎段和顶芽嫁接于试管中的砧木上,成苗率达90％以上。在含BA0.1mg/L的MT培养基中,每株嫁接苗形成3～4个芽,可作试管快速繁殖。嫁接苗移植于无菌土中,成活率高达95％以上。田间二重接可加速三倍体小苗生长。本方法为解决柑桔试管苗移植问题提供了一条新途径。     

大豆吡哆醇生物合成蛋白基因(PDX)的电子克隆和进化分析

电子克隆(In silicocloning)是随着基因组计划和EST计划实施而发展起来的利用生物信息学手段进行基因克隆的新方法。根据物种间同源基因相对保守的特点,以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)吡哆醇生物合成蛋白cDNA序列为信息探针,对大豆(Glycine max)EST数据库进行同源搜索和序列拼接,获得了1 280 bp长的大豆吡哆醇生物合成蛋白的基因序列(GenBank登陆号为DQ139265)。经过RT-PCR扩增、基因组PCR扩增、分子克隆和序列分析验证,结果表明与电子克隆序列完全一致。该基因具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF,20~955 bp),编码311个氨基酸。通过与水稻、日本百脉根、烟草、截形苜蓿等物种的吡哆醇生物合成蛋白序列比对,发现该基因具有高度的保守性。表明根据物种间同源基因序列,对跨物种间EST数据库进行同源检索、筛选、拼接,是克隆基因的有效途径。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜子叶离体培养初报

以甘蓝型油菜黄籽双单倍体品系04K91为供试材料,以无菌苗子叶为离体培养外植体,考察了苗龄（7d、10d、13d）与外植体部位及大小（带柄子叶、1/4子叶片、1/8子叶片和子叶柄切段）对芽再生频率的影响。方差分析结果表明,苗龄对芽再生频率有显著影响,外植体对芽再生频率有极显著影响,而苗龄×外植体对芽再生频率影响不显著。多重比较结果表明,以7d苗龄无菌苗的带柄子叶或1/4子叶片为外植体较好,出芽率较高,达90%以上。     

大豆尿黑酸叶绿基转移酶基因的克隆与进化分析

采用基于EST的电子克隆方法,以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的尿黑酸叶绿基转移酶基因(Homogentisate phytyltransferase,HPT)cDNA序列为信息探针,对大豆的EST数据库进行同源检索筛选,获得了1 777 bp长大豆HPT基因的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号为:AY956421),经RT-PCR扩增、分子克隆和序列分析验证,表明与电子克隆序列一致;该基因具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF,173～1 408 bp),推测编码411个氨基酸的蛋白。该蛋白与拟南芥(Ara-bidopsis thaliana)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、玉米(Zea mays)、光合集胞蓝细菌(Synechocystis)的序列进行了比较,发现该基因具有保守性。     

穗离体培养下温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和产量性状的影响

本实验采用穗离体培养的方法研究了不同培养温度对小麦蛋白质及其组分和小麦产量性状的影响.试验表明:在扬花前3天至乳熟期间,温度对小麦籽粒总蛋白质的含量影响不大,但对蛋白质组分影响较大,低温有利于清蛋白的形成,高温有利于醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的形成;同时试验还表明低温条件下小麦茎杆总蛋白含量高于高温培养下的茎杆含量;不同培养温度对小麦结实率和粒重也有影响,小麦1.2小花和整穗可见花结实率随温度增高而上升,到20℃时达到最大,分别为96.36%和72.11%,百粒重随温度的升高而增大,呈线性相关,相关系数为0.974013.另外本试验还对受温度影响的13个指标进行了因子分析,分析结果表明13个指标可以压缩为3个因子,因子1可以命名为产量因子,决定总变异的48.045 4%,因子2和因子3可合称为蛋白质组分和粒重因子决定总变异的51.9546%.     

Molecular characterization of emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) Italian landraces

Emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank,2n = 4x = 28) is a hulled wheatspecies [more] widely spread in the Mediterranean basin. In Italy it survives as acrop in a few marginal areas and peculiar ecological niches in different regionsof central and southern Italy. A renewed interest has occurred during the lastdecade toward local varieties belonging to this species. As a matter of fact,local varieties have the highest genetic variation and adaptation to the naturaland anthropological environment from where they originated. Results on thegenetic diversity within and relationships among 11 Italian local varieties ofemmer as assessed with 17 RAPD marker loci are here reported. The proportion ofthe among-local variety genetic diversity was as high as 48% (G_ST =0.479). Thus, about 52% of the total variation was within population. Localvarieties of emmer proved to be formed by a variable number of lines geneticallydistinguishable from each other, and the vast majority of individuals overpopulations proved to be different multilocus genotypes. Landraces of emmer fromcentral and southern Italy showed distinctive molecular traits. In particular,local varieties classified as «Central Italy» types were characterized by a common set of RAPD marker alleles and proved to bedistinguishable from both the «Southern Italy» and the«Garfagnana» accessions. The overall results confirm the highvariability that can be found within landrace populations, underlining thevalues of landraces as an irreplaceable bank of genetically diversified andhighly co-adapted genotypes. Information for an appropriate insitu conservation and management of this valuable source of emmergermplasm is discussed.     

Conservation in a changing world: <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> conservation of the giant maize of Jala

Using survey data from Jala, Mexico, this case-study evaluates in situ maize conservation of the variety ‘Jala’ (Zea mays L.). Though historically ‘Jala’ was the dominant variety grown in the valley of Jala, today less than 20% of farmers grow it on only 5% of the maize area. Younger growers of the ‘Jala’ variety specialize in it, growing relatively large amounts for niche markets. Older, diversified farmers grow small areas for household use and to compete in a local contest. Conservation of the ‘Jala’ variety has been heavily influenced by shifting ideal concepts of maize, as determined by market and consumption demands and by a contest designed to promote in situ conservation. The current move away from nationalized purchasing may favor ‘Jala’s’ continued conservation.