加格达奇林业局森林经营中采伐方式的探讨

加格达奇林业局根据本局森林资源状况,在2001年停止了木材主伐生产,森林经营由以木材生产为主,向以发挥森林生态功能为主的方向转变。本文通过分析该局森林资源现状、管理方式的变迁、经营思路的转变,以提高森林资源质量,改变林分结构,恢复原有植被群落为方向,探讨了森林经营中的采伐方式,以实现森林资源的稳定增长和可持续发展的目标。     

非调质钢分类的研究

目前非调质钢应用中存在钢种较多、钢号繁杂的问题，因此，有必要对共进行分类。本文提出可以分别根据非调质钢的发展阶段、显微组织、碳含量、合金元素含量的不同来进行分类，这些新的分类方法可用于指导非调质钢的生产管理。     

Effects of Azoxystrobin on Mycotoxin Production in a Carbendazim-Resistant Strain ofFusarium sporotrichioides

Carbendazim-resistant (RS) and control (CS) strains ofFusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., previously developed in our laboratory, were exposed to graded concentrations of azoxystrob in in broth media under shake-culture conditions for 2, 3, 4 and 8 days. Azoxystrobin concentrations were 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg 1^-1 broth and cultures were incubated at a constant 25°C. Mycelial growth was significantly affected by strain (P<0.01), azoxystrobin concentration (P<0.001) and incubation time (P<0.001). Combined results for the four incubation times showed that CS yielded higher mycelial mass than RS (P<0.01) only in the absence of azoxystrobin. At fungicide additions of 1, 10 and 100 mg P^-1 mycelial growth was reduced (P<0.001) with minimal strain differences (P>0.05) at all three doses of azoxystrobin. Significant (P<0.05 or better) strain-fungicide interactions were recorded in trichothecene production following exposure to azoxystrobin. At 4 and 8 days of incubation, the 10 mg 1^-1 addition of azoxystrobin stimulated T-2 toxin synthesis (P<0.05) only in RS cultures. In contrast, T-2 toxin enhancement in CS cultures occurred only on day 8 but at a lower level of azoxystrobin (1 mg1^-1). Thus, the stimulation of T-2 toxin synthesis depended upon strain and azoxystrobin level. Production of diocetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was affected by a more complex set of interactions. Overall means showed that, in comparison with initial values (on day 2 or 3), DAS output maximized significantly(P<0.05) on day 4 in RS cultures and on day 8 in CS. Marked strain effects were observed on exposure to the 10 mg 1^-1 level of azoxystrobin. At this level, DAS production was enhanced in RS only after 4 (P<0.01 ) and 8 (P<0.05) days of incubation, while in contrast, CS reduced DAS production. As with T-2 toxin, DAS production in CS was stimulated (P<0.05 or better) only at low exposure levels of azoxystrobin. In the case of neosolaniol (NEO), however, the main effect of strain was significant (P<0.05), with CS producing consistently more of the mycotoxin than RS on day 4 of the experiment. At this point, the NEO:T-2 toxin ratio was also higher in CS (0.63) than in RS (0.12), a feature reported by us previously. In conclusion, the present investigation has shown for the first time that the development of resistance to one fungicide can affect trichothecene production inF. sporotrichioides on exposure to a second fungicide. These results have been incorporated into a new classification scheme for fungicide efficacy which is also presented in this paper. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 7,2001.     

苔藓植物生态学研究的数量分析方法

植被数量分析方法在苔藓植被中的应用起步较晚，仅有20多年的研究历史，但发展却十分迅速。这里介绍了目前苔藓植物生态学研究中应用较为普遍的数量分析方法，并探讨了各自的优缺点。     

河北省薄罗藓科植物分类的初步研究

报道了河北省薄罗藓科植物6属共12种（含1变种），其中中国新记录种1种：北方假细罗藓Pseudoleskeella papillosa(Lindb.)Kindb.；河北省新记录属2属：薄罗藓属Leskea Hedw.和褶藓属Okamuraea Broth.；河北新记录种7种：薄罗藓Leskea polycarpi Hedw.，细枝藓Lindbergia brachyptera(Mitt.)Kindb.，细枝藓疣齿变种L. brachyptera var.austinii (Sull.)Grout.,阔叶细枝藓L. brevifolia(Gao)Gao，瓦叶假细罗藓Pseudoleskeella tectorum(Brid.)Kindb.,褶藓O.hakoniensis(Mitt.)Broth.和短枝褶藓O.brachydictyon(Card.）Nog..本文根据标本编制了河北省薄罗藓科植物分属、种检索表，简要讨论了其生境行理分布特点。旨在为河北省乃至中国苔藓植物的系统研究及苔藓植物资源的开发利用提供可借鉴的资料。研究标本保存在河北师范大学植物标本室（HBNU)。     

苹果砧木M26离体叶片愈伤组织发生及分类研究

对苹果砧木Ｍ２６ 离体叶片愈伤组织的发生研究表明,取继代后３０ ～３５ ｄ 的试管苗顶部１～４ 叶位的叶片,沿与主脉垂直方向横切后,以叶背面朝上方式置于愈伤组织诱导培养基上,经观察在叶片近柄端切口处愈伤组织发生较早,产生量较多。最适的愈伤组织诱导培养基为：ＭＳ＋２ ,４ － Ｄ０ ．２ ～２ ．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ＩＡＡ０ ．２ ～２．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ ＢＡ０ ．５ ～１．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ 蔗糖３ ％ ＋ 琼脂０．６％ 。将诱导产生的愈伤组织按外部形态、细胞特点及生理生化指标等分为三类,其中表面干燥致密、细胞内含物丰富、淀粉、蛋白质及干物质含量均较高的Ⅲ类愈伤组织的芽再生频率最高,可达８３ ．３３ ％ ,是能利用的愈伤组织类型。     

Site classification of the eastern forest region of Daxing''''an Mountains

StudysiteThestudysiteislocatedintheeasternslopeofDaxing'anMountains(47"25'~49'37'N,119'37'-122"45'E),whichbelongstotheBalinForestryBu-reauofNeiMenggol.ThemaintopographyislowermountainsandhilIs.Thealtitudeis4oo~1ooom.Theannualaccumulativetemperature(>=1oC)isabout1845oC.AnnuaIprecipitationis42omm.Annualaveragetemperatureis-15t.Thefrost-freeperiodis97d.lnthisarea,thezonalsoilisbrownconiferousforestsoil,theothertypeofsoilismeadowsoilandbogsoiI.ThemainfundamentaIrockisgrinite.ThebasaItisse…     

四川狗尾草属与狼尾草属的研究

四川狗尾草属有10种(包括1个变种),约为我国13种(包括2个变种)的77％。狼尾草属有4种,约为我国9种的44％。本文对两属的分类、分布、生态环境及经济用途等进行了描述。     

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。     

绿色饲料添加剂——果胶酶的研究

果胶酶是降解饲料抗营养因子——果胶的有效酶,它作为一种绿色饲料添加剂在畜牧业生产中的应用越来越广泛。文章针对这一现状,主要对果胶酶的性质、分类、作用机理作一阐述,并对其研究前景进行简要概括。