腾冲红花油茶产业发展问题与措施

腾冲红花油茶是油茶主要栽培物种之一,加快其产业发展对实现国家食用油发展战略具有重要作用.分析了腾冲红花油茶的产业发展现状、存在问题以及发展的有利因素,提出了科学、细致规划,发掘优良种质资源,总结、引进和组装配套丰产栽培技术,加强龙头企业建设等产业发展的具体策略与措施.     

株洲市油茶生产现状、开发前景与对策

介绍了株洲油茶生产、加工现状。通过对油茶几种改造方式的比较，在分析株洲市所属各县、市油茶生产与开发、油茶的生产潜力及市场容量3方面的基础上。提出了加强政策引导、强化行政手段、进行科学分类、集约经营．加强依法治林、强化林政管理。建立加工和营销体系等对策。得出了油茶开发潜力很大。是株洲林业产业结构调整，致富林农的必由之路。     

Seed biology and germination ecophysiology of Camellia nitidissima

Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae) is a famous ornamental species with golden-yellow flowers. Due to deforestation and destructive collection of seedlings, its natural population size has been reduced greatly in recent decades. To provide basic information for its conservation, we studied the morphological and physiological characteristics of seeds and the environmental factors influencing germination. The seed production of C. nitidissima was of low yield, which caused lack of seed resource. The seeds were big and heavy, so they did not spread far from the mother trees and did not enter soil after falling down. Optimal temperatures for seed germination were 25–30 °C. The fresh-harvested seeds had high moisture content and weak desiccation-tolerance, so they tended to be recalcitrant. Soaking for 24 h in 10–30% PEG solution could significantly reduce the seed germination percentage. The imbibed seeds placed on the soil surface mostly could germinate, but some of them could not develop into seedlings because the embryo roots did not grow into soil. When the seeds were sowed at the depth of 1 cm, the seedling emergence reached over 70%, but then decreased with increased sowing depth, and reached about 50% when at the depth of 5 cm. The seeds sowed in sandy soil had higher emergence than those in clayed soil. It is feasible for seedling nursing to harvest seeds in time, harvesting prematurely or postmaturely may reduce seed quality.     

云南蒜头果油的特征指标及脂肪酸组成研究分析

对云南蒜头果油的特征指标及脂肪酸组成进行了分析.分析结果表明:蒜头果油折光指数(n40)为1.4594、相对密度(d2020)为0.8756、碘值(Ⅰ)为71.5 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)为151 mg/g.蒜头果油主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸(0.55％)、硬脂酸(0.20％)、油酸(30.81％)、亚油酸(1.52％)、亚麻酸(0.82％)、花生—烯酸(2.21％)、芥酸(15.20％)、神经酸(44.21％).蒜头果油的不饱和脂肪酸含量高达94.77％,含量最高的脂肪酸为神经酸,高达44.21％,这在我国发现的油料作物中是罕见的.本研究为更好地保护云南蒜头果资源提供了基础数据.     

油茶籽的综合利用现状及前景分析

综述了用油茶籽综合开发的茶油、茶皂素、茶籽多糖、茶蛋白、糠醛、活性炭等产品的特性,及其加工工艺和应用。     

耐冬山茶孢粉学研究

对耐冬山茶花粉形态进行比较研究，可以为探索山茶属植物的演化、系统分类以及耐冬山茶的品种分类提供孢粉学依据。通过用扫描电镜对耐冬山茶18个品种及3个南方山茶品种的花粉形态进行观察分析，结果如下：耐冬山茶花粉粒为腰鼓形或长球形，极面观为近三角形或三裂圆形，具三孔沟，从表面看内孔不显著。外壁两层，外层厚于内层。花粉粒表面纹饰大多为蠕虫状，亦有拟蠕虫状或拟网状。脊间或网纹间具穿孔和穴，有的脊上有较明显横向波状纹，穿孔和穴的形态及数量品种间有差异。花粉粒形态可以做为耐冬山茶品种分类的依据之一，耐冬山茶和南方山茶品种花粉形态存在较大的差异。 关键词：耐冬山茶；花粉；品种     

Use of the bulked genomic DNA-based RAPD methodology to assess the genetic diversity among abandoned Korean tea plantations

The variability of 20 abandoned Korean tea plantations was investigated using the RAPD methodology and thebulked DNA procedure. Out of 50 primers screened, 13 revealed diversity among the populations and generated26 polymorphic markers in all. Two and two populations were indistinguishable from each other and in general,the diversity detected among the populations was relatively low. The genetic distance calculated from theJaccard's variability index varied from 0 to 0.79 with an average of 0.44. The low genetic diversity found in thisstudy could be explained by the narrow genetic base of the Korean tea populations introduced from MainlandChina, by the short history and relatively homogeneous environment of the populations, by mass destruction oflocal tea plantations in the 14th century and by the reproductive mode of Camellia sinensis. Indeed, Camellia sinensis being a highly outcrossing species maintains high intrapopulationnal variability as compared to itsinterpopulation variability. In the light of the results obtained, a strategy for local tea conservation is discussed.     

茶树施用控释氮肥的产量和品质效应

采用盆栽和大田试验,研究了控释氮肥对茶树生长发育、茶叶产量和品质的影响。结果表明,控释氮肥能明显促进茶树的生长发育,茶树新梢数、百芽重、成熟叶片数量及叶绿素含量、树高和主杆直径等均有明显提高,从而使盆栽茶树根、茎和叶各部位的生物产量比施普通尿素分别提高了58.3%、36.9%和17.2%。10个大田试验的茶叶产量增加了4.2%￣24.1%,平均9.6%。茶叶品质成分氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量有不同程度提高,其中氨基酸增幅明显,但对茶多酚含量的影响不大,茶叶酚氨比明显降低。可见,控释氮肥具有明显的增产提质效果。     

油茶果脱壳机的设计与工作参数优化

为改进油茶果脱壳机性能,提高脱壳率、降低茶籽破损率,该文研究了油茶果的物性参数和常用脱壳机的工作原理及结构特点,采用挤压、搓擦原理,设计了一种脱壳间隙可调节的油茶果脱壳机。选取脱壳电机转速、分离电机转速和脱壳间隙3个因素,以脱壳率和茶籽破损率为指标进行正交优化试验。研究结果表明:新收获的油茶果含水率平均值为60.08%,粒径分布范围为20~50 mm。脱壳间隙对指标的影响最为显著,优化后的脱壳电机转速为125 r/min,分离电机转速343 r/min,脱壳间隙12 mm,此参数条件下脱壳率为96.91%,茶籽破损率为3.38%,处理量可达2 t/h。该研究满足实际生产要求,可为油茶果脱壳加工提供参考。