黄土高原寒区青海云杉人工林地土壤水分物理特性研究

对黄土高原高寒区的青海云杉人工林林地的土壤水分物理性质进行了实地观测和分析(主要采用野外实测土壤水分再分布的方法,对入渗后不同土层土壤的水分再分布过程及低吸力段土壤水分特征作了研究),发现该林地在枯落物及林下植被层的作用下,使得0~10 cm表层土壤的持水性最好;因放牧践踏导致林地10~30 cm土层的土壤板结密实,持水性较差;30~50 cm土层土壤的持水性居中。通过研究还拟合得出了该林地土壤水分再分布、土壤水分特征曲线及土壤比水容量的参数。为该地区退耕还林还草、林业生态建设和森林水文效益评价提供了可靠依据。     

茶叶灰分和水分与品质关系

阐述了茶叶灰分及其检验意义和世界茶叶标准中的灰分指标,分析了我国茶叶灰分检验现状和影响茶叶灰分的主要因素,提出了有效控制茶叶灰分的4项措施;同时从营养化学的角度分析了水分对茶叶中微生物的生长繁殖、茶化反应、营养成分及风味物等方面的直接影响,低水分活度对茶叶品质起到的稳定作用。     

后嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治规划中水资源循环问题的探讨

本文探讨了石嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治中的水资源循环问题。笔者认为,在我国西北地区,维持湿地水资源循环是保障湿地生态功能可持续发挥的关键,也是进行湿地综合整治规划时应优先考虑的问题。区域水资源平衡是确保湿地水资源有效循环的基础,在规划中应充分分析湿地的来水水源和水资源消耗,由此确定湿地水资源循环的方式和线路。北沙湖湿地水循环确定了4条外循环线路和2条内循环线路。在水资源循环体系建设中,应充分利用现有水利设施和地势条件,尽量采用自流循环,减少设施设备投资和能源消耗。     

城市森林水土流失的研究

通过对北京、伦敦的城市森林和河南长江流域山区水土保持林的水流失率、土流失率及水土流失率进行了计算比较，得出了水流失率、水土流失率是考查城市森林水土流失较好的指标。从而可以运用该新指标来考查城市降水流失率和水土流失率。     

浅谈低温热水地板辐射供暖系统在实际运行中出现异常问题的因素和解决的方法

低温热水地板辐射采供暖系统在实际运行时常出现室内设计温度达不到和热力失调现象,现就结合几年中实际工作进行归纳和分析。     

乐昌含笑人工林的土壤肥力和涵养水源功能研究

通过对乐昌含笑和杉木人工林生物量和土壤肥力的调查,进行乐昌含笑人工林培肥土壤和涵养水源功能的研究,结果表明:营造乐昌含笑人工林后林地土壤水稳性团聚体含量增加,团聚体的稳定性增强,容重降低,总孔隙度增加,林地土壤结构、孔隙和养分状况得到不同程度的改善,乐昌含笑人工林具有比杉木林更好的培肥土壤功能;乐昌含笑叶的最大持水率明显高于杉木叶,其林分地上部分最大持水量是杉木林的1.14倍,同时由于乐昌含笑林土壤结构及孔隙状况的改善,林地蓄水能力增强,使得乐昌含笑人工林表现出比杉木林更好的水源涵养功能。     

基于Oracle Spatial的水土保持监测空间数据管理方法

水土保持监测工作中包含了大量的空间数据,如何科学、合理、有效地组织管理这些空间数据和属性数据,促进水土保持的信息化和现代化建设,成为水土保持监测工作迫切需要解决的问题。本文以水土保持工作中的空间数据作为研究对象,分析比较了几种空间数据管理的方法,采用基于Oracle 9i数据库平台的Oracle Spatial存储水土保持空间数据,实现了水土保持空间数据和属性数据的一体化存储和管理。     

牙克石市水土保持生态修复的途径研究

文章在分析牙克石市自然条件及水土流失特点的基础上,提出牙克石市水土保持生态修复的可行性及生态修复的措施,以及近年来牙克石市生态修复所取得的可喜成果。     

Carbon, water and nutrient flux in Maya homegardens in the Yucatán peninsula of México

The Yucatán Peninsula of México has shallow soils and receives low amounts of precipitation, and has therefore low agricultural potential. Lacking large-scale irrigation from rivers and adequate rainfall, the indigenous Maya groups maintain agricultural productivity by adapting a variety of practices. Multistrata homegardens, one of their agricultural systems, have provided goods for trade, sale and personal consumption for many centuries. Nevertheless, an understanding of the controlling biological factors and interactions within these systems can lead to yield improvements. Photosynthetic rates, water use and litter production for a variety of species have been studied in these gardens to determine how Maya management impacts resource flow, productivity and diversity. When irrigated, diurnal photosynthetic rates nearly doubled for Manilkara zapota and water use increased two fold for M. zapota and Cordia dodecandra. Total litter production in traditional homegardens varied from 1,000 to 4,000 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and ten arboreal species were found to contribute more than 33% of total litterfall biomass. Nutrient concentrations in the leaves of the predominant species were analyzed; Meliococcusbijugatus and Spondias purpurea were found to contribute the largest quantities of N, P and C. Our research indicates that species and structural diversity are critical to sustainability of homegardens, allowing efficient use and transfer of carbon, nutrients and water. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of drought tolerance using root activities in Robinia pseudoacacia ''Idaho'' transformed with mtl-D gene

Idaho locust (Robinia pseudoacacia 'Idaho') is an exotic multi-purpose tree used in landscaping, soil and water conservation, fodder sources and others. To improve its drought tolerance for reclaiming arid land, five lines of transformed mtl-D gene, as osmotic regulator in plant cells, have been selected and managed to determine their drought tolerance under experimental conditions.Qualitative and quantitative variables of transformed plants were studied. The critical value of drought tolerance was determined by detecting the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reductants in roots and soil water content (SWC). The critical value for drought tolerance was SWC 6% while for the control plants the critical SWC was 8%; a moderate level of SWC is 13% and the highest SWC for plant endurance was 18%. The method proved to be reliable and sensitive in the evaluation of drought tolerance for forest trees.