Environmental services and poverty reduction: Options for smallholders in the Sahel

Environmental service provision is increasingly discussed as a potential new venue for the simultaneous pursuit of development and natural resource conservation objectives, particularly among landowners in the low-income tropics. To date, most of the experience with such market-regulated mechanisms comes from water and forest projects in Latin America. Preliminary evidence suggests that participation of, and benefits to, small-scale land users are highly unequal and that the synergistic goals of poverty reduction and resource conservation through these emerging market mechanisms might be overly ambitious. This paper assesses the possibility of pro-poor environmental service provision through carbon sequestration among smallholders in the Sahel. It focuses on a case study in the small-scale, rain-fed agricultural systems of the Old Peanut Basin of Senegal. Based on a conceptual framework including economic, institutional, policy and livelihood factors, it assesses to the extent to which specific groups of farmers are able or willing to participate in and benefit from potential carbon offset programs. Finally, the paper stresses the need for adequate and equitable financial support and a careful rethinking of the institutional structures necessary to enhance rural livelihoods and natural resource management in drylands, with or without market-based environmental service programs.     

膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）反应器处理高浓度自配水的试验研究

本文对EGSB反应器处理高浓度自配有机废水进行了较系统地研究，研究表明中温条件下(31～35℃)，进水COD浓度为8200～9000mg     

ABR反应器性能研究：回顾与总结

厌氧折流板反应器ABR是一种新型高效厌氧反应器，本文主要是对ABR反应器问世以来关于它的研究及相关的工作进行了较为全面的整理与分析，找出待研究领域和问题，为今后的研究工作提供了基础和方向。     

折减系数在边坡中的应用

选择边坡内某些监测点的位移特征作为强度折减法的边坡破坏判据.为分析边坡滑面的位置和位移方式选取的合理性,分别对均质土坡建立数值模型,计算结果与实地调查相吻合.     

光合细菌的特性及其在废水处理中的应用

本文系统综述了光合细菌的生理生化特征,并介绍了光合细菌法在废水处理中的应用和研究进展.     

饲料植物水生环境处理猪场厌氧废液水的效果

本文从COD,NH3-N,TN,TP四个方面分析了空心菜、水稻、水葫芦三种饲料植物水生环境处理猪场厌氧废液的水质变化规律.结果表明,三种饲料植物水生环境对猪场厌氧废液的COD去除率:空心菜＞水稻＞水葫芦;对NH3-N的去除率:水葫芦＞水稻＞空心菜;对TN的去除率:空心菜＞水稻＞水葫芦;对TP的去除率:水葫芦＞空心菜＞水稻.饲料植物对藻有抑制作用,藻对NH3-N和TN有去除作用,对照系统中由于藻的出现,增强了系统对NH3-N和TN的去除效果,因此在NH3-N和TN两指标上出现对照系统好于饲料植物处理系统.     

再生水灌溉草坪绿地的研究进展

详细介绍了二级处理水和三级处理水灌溉草坪绿地的研究现状、热点和发展方向。综合国内外的研究成果,二级处理水和三级处理水用来灌溉草坪绿地是安全可行的,三级处理水相对于二级处理水来说成本比较高,但有逐渐代替二级处理水的趋势。     

Can carbon sequestration markets benefit low-income producers in semi-arid Africa? Potentials and challenges

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.     

皂素生产废水污染特点及治理现状

皂素生产废水具有色度大、有机物浓度高、酸度大、温度高等特点,是一种难处理的中药废水.文中介绍了国内外黄姜产业发展状况与趋势,分析了皂素废水的污染现状及污染特点,综述了国内外皂素生产废水处理技术及其发展趋势,讨论了国内外皂素废水管理的法律、法规以及标准等管理体系,最后对皂素废水的管理提出了一些建议.     

硫酸盐对木糖废水厌氧处理的影响

在中温35℃±1℃条件下,对含高浓度硫酸盐的木糖生产废水进行了厌氧消化研究,主要研究了pH值和COD/SO42-比值等因素对COD,、SO42-去除率、以及它们之间关系的影响.实验证明,投加铁离子是解除硫化物抑制的有效方法;在中性及偏酸环境中有利于COD的去除;当COD/SO42-的比值大于2.78时,COD的去除率几乎不受COD/SO42-比值的影响.