基于无线射频识别的食品数字身份证设计及应用

食品质量安全可追溯体系对于保障食品安全具有重大意义.该文首先分析了食品数字身份证的具体需求,提出了通信安全性、系统的可用性、数据真实性、信息隐私性、信息权威性、可追溯性6个要求;然后对非对称加密算法NTRU(number theory research unit)和NTRU Sign数字签名算法进行了介绍,设计了安全认证协议,依据食品数字身份证的安全要求分析了安全性,建立了食品数字身份证.最后用食品数字身份证设计了电子酒类流通随附单,引入了生产商、销售商、消费者、认证中心4个角色,设立了认证注册、生产商信息写入、销售商信息写入和消费者验证4个过程,建立了系统应用原型,并分析了安全性,从根本上提高了电子酒类流通随附单的安全性和可信度.文章建立了食品数字身份证和酒类流通随附单,该工作对建立可靠、安全食品监管体系有十分重要的意义.     

船舶修造企业油漆堆放车间易燃易爆控制报警系统的研发

为解决沿海修造船厂的油漆堆放车间,在夏季高温下容易引起有毒与易燃气体的挥发泄漏而引起着火和工作人员中毒的威胁,设计了一种基于现场数据采集模块与PC设备以及移动无线设备的监控报警设备。介绍基于RS485总线MODBUS-RTU协议的数据采集单元的设计方法,单片机采集温度与有毒气体的实现方法,以及基于移动设备终端安卓系统下的应用软件的实现方法。     

Variations in the Diurnal Flux of Greenhouse Gases from Soil and Optimizing the Sampling Protocol for Closed Static Chambers

There is no standardized method for the sampling of greenhouse gas fluxes from soil. Two methods are primarily used: closed dynamic chamber (CDC) and closed static chamber (CSC) systems. The most complex and costly are the CDC systems, which can sample gases in situ. However, the low-cost CSC systems are being increasingly used in which the gas samples are collected manually and analyzed off-site at a later date. Given their growing popularity, it is important to optimize the sampling procedure of the CSC systems to ensure that the measurements are both repeatable and representative. Samples from a commercial potato crop were collected in the morning and afternoon at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the chambers were closed, and the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were determined using gas chromatography. The concentrations of CO₂ and N₂O inside chambers increased linearly over time, whereas the concentration of CH₄ remained constant. The fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O from soil were greater in the afternoon than the morning, whereas the flux of CH₄ was greater in the morning. For longer-term single-point soil flux monitoring using CSCs with a volume of 6.3 L, it is recommended that samples are collected in the morning at 0, 30, and 60 min after chambers are closed. This approach will ensure that the concentration of the gases are representative and will allow for a high level of repeatability and certainty in the results.     

小麦基因组SRAP扩增体系的初步研究

对影响SRAP扩增结果的各种因素包括DNA、引物、dNTPMixture、TaqDNA聚合酶的浓度及变性、复性、延伸的时间及温度进行了摸索。获得了能够稳定扩增小麦基因组的体系:20μL体系中DNA25ng,dNTP188mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶0 75U,引物25ng。扩增程序为:94℃1min,37℃1min,72℃10sec,5个循环;94℃1min,50℃1min,72℃10sec,35个循环;72℃1min。     

A novel automated method for the adjustment of ionic metal concentrations in soil extracts

A novel method is proposed for correcting metal fraction concentrations remaining within the sediment containing the solid residue of the sequentially extracted fraction. An easy‐to‐use Excel spreadsheet was prepared to assist adjustment of concentration in each fraction and demonstrate the difference between adjusted and non‐adjusted metal concentration of the fraction. The demonstration of a calculation of the modified BCR protocol data showed that this difference may reach 10–15% of the result value. The spreadsheet is available to download at: http://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/zabam/Rosen_Chen_Fraction_Adjustment_Formulae.xls     

紫花苜蓿基因转化的影响因素分析

通过农杆菌介导法对紫花苜蓿不同品种植株进行了抗旱基因转化的研究,得到了一套紫花苜蓿基因转化的优化体系。研究表明,100 mg/L的卡那霉素对苜蓿愈伤组织的生长有着显著的抑制效应。250 mg/L头孢霉素能够有效地抑制农杆菌菌株LBA4404的生长。紫花苜蓿供试材料被切后直接用OD600值为0.3~0.5的农杆菌LBA4404菌液侵染10~15 min;培养材料共培养3 d后在愈伤组织诱导培养基MS 2 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/LKT 30 g/L蔗糖 9 g/L琼脂 250 mg/L Cef上诱导出愈伤组织;在体细胞胚分化培养基MS 1.0 mg/L BA 0.3 mg/L NAA 30 g/L蔗糖 9 g/L琼脂 50 mg/L Kan 250 mg/L Cef上促进体细胞胚的分化;分化出的体细胞胚在再生培养基上(同分化培养基,Kan为80 mg/L)进一步发育成抗性转化苗;转化的无根小苗在生根培养基1/2 MS 1.0 mg/L IBA 1%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂 100 mg/L卡那霉素上可生长出根系。     

Carbon sequestration in Spanish Mediterranean forests under two management alternatives: a modeling approach

Management implications associated with two different silvicultural strategies in two Spanish pine forests (Scots pine stands in northern Spain and Mediterranean Maritime pine stands in Central Spain) were explored. Whole-stand yield, growth models and individual tree equations were used to estimate carbon stock in forests under different silvicultural alternatives and site indexes. Each alternative was evaluated on the basis of the land expectation value (LEV). Results reveal the appropriateness of implementing carbon payments, because it can clearly complement traditional management objectives in economic terms. Longer rotations on the poorest sites result in a positive economic return by introducing carbon output. The proportion of carbon stock in the final harvest relative to total fixed carbon is always higher in long rotation scenarios. However, short rotation systems produce the highest values of carbon MAI regardless of site index. The impact of carbon price is higher on the Maritime pine stands than on Scots pine stands. For both the species, changes in the discount rate have a minor impact on Carbon LEV. Notwithstanding, the proportion of total LEV due to carbon is greater when the discount rate increases.     

无线传感器网络在农田信息采集中的应用

将无线传感器网络用于农田数据的采集和传输.通过NS软件建立农田数据采集网络的模型,从节省能源的角度出发,着重考虑了系统结构、路由协议、能量监控的设计,并对其进行动态仿真.实践表明,该项应用有效地提高了数据传送效率和网络的运行寿命.     

改进的两阶段提交协议

提出了一种改进的两阶段提交协议,该协议通过增加本地写LOG的次数来减少信息交换量和阻塞次数,增加成功提交的次数和事务的成功率,提高了提交协议的性能。并对该协议中算法的正确性和性能进行了分析。