亚麻籽中开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷的测定——高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测 电喷雾质谱法

    采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS)法对开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷(SDG)进行定性和定量检测,研究方法的精密度、稳定性、定量检测限及加样回收率,并考察样品制备方法对定量检测结果的影响.采用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离制备SDG对照品,并用1H-NMR与13C-NMR对其进行表征.HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS检测所得紫外及电喷雾质谱信息与SDG结构相符.以自制的SDG(纯度96.6%)为对照,采用HPLC绘制定量标准曲线,方法精密度较高(RSD为1.36%),稳定性好(1周后RSD为1.21%),定量检测限较低(LOQ为3.4 mg·L-1),加样回收率达(99.7±3.2)%.此外,制样时采用碱法水解与混合溶剂提取,不仅节省时间,还更充分地提取了SDG.说明用HPLC-PAD-ESI-MS法栓测亚麻籽中的SDG方便省时,准确可靠.     

双向电泳中4种常用染色方法的灵敏度比较

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,比较分析双向电泳常用4种染色方法的灵敏度,以筛选适合蛋白质组学研究所使用的染色方法。结果表明：银染GE法的灵敏度在5 ng的水平,对于BSA为0.5 ng;银染Blum法的灵敏度在10 ng的水平,对于BSA为0.1 ng;银染Schevchenko法的灵敏度在50 ng级的水平,对于BSA为5 ng;普通考染法的灵敏度在0.25μg的水平,对于BSA为0.025μg。根据结果比较,提出适合一般蛋白质组研究分析的快速灵敏的蛋白质染色方法。     

龙眼胚性培养物高分辨率蛋白质双向电泳技术

试验以龙眼胚性培养物为材料,通过对小型垂直板双向电泳和固相pH梯度凝胶双向电泳比较分析,进行龙眼胚性培养物高分辨率蛋白质双向电泳技术方法的研究.结果表明,采用固相pH梯度凝胶双向电泳可以极大地提高分辨率,相同龙眼胚性培养物的蛋白样品染色后所得的蛋白质谱点数从334左右增加到810左右;由于龙眼胚性培养物的蛋白等电点集中在3.5-7.0之间,采用13 cm的IPG胶条时,以pH 4-7的IPG胶条分离蛋白的效果佳.     

Chilling Stress Accelerates Degradation of Seed Storage Protein and Photosynthetic Protein during Cotton Seed Germination

Low temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting the productivity and geographical distribution of many important crops. To gain a better understanding of chilling stress responses in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L . ), we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis. Cotyledon proteins of 1-week-old cotton seedlings treated with or without chilling treatment at 4 °C were extracted, separated by a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared. Among 1500 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 25 protein spots were down-regulated and 29 were up-regulated. Seven cotton proteins were identified by mass spectrometry analysis as beta-globulin A precursor fragments. One was identified as a Rubisco large subunit fragment, providing evidence of both seed storage protein and photosynthetic protein destruction by chilling stress. The related physiological and biochemical analysis showed that there was a significant increase in endopeptidase activity and activated oxygen generation rate, and an obvious decrease in carboxylation efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate of cotton seedlings under chilling stress. Based on the above results, the degradation mechanisms of beta-globulin and Rubisco under chilling stress were discussed. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into chilling-stress responses in cotton and demonstrates the advantages of proteomic analysis.     

植物蛋白质组研究方法

蛋白质组研究是后基因组时代的热点领域,介绍了蛋白质组概念提出的背景,蛋白质组与基因组的联系与区别,蛋白质纽研究的内容,重点综述了植物蛋白质纽研究的技术．双向凝胶电泳仍为蛋白质分离的核心技术,该技术在某些方面作了改进和发展;生物质谱是蛋白质鉴定的关键技术,进一步发展了生物传感芯片质谱及蛋白质芯片技术;对蛋白质纽研究的信息处理依赖于生物信息学的发展,介绍了国内外相关的蛋白质数据库及建立数据库主要应用的图像软件。     

基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒在水稻中的重组结构

应用Southern杂交和引物组合PCR技术研究了基因枪转化的bar基因表达盒（包括启动子、编码区和终止子）在水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中的重组结构。bar基因表达盒的多个拷贝通过重组连接形成1～3个转基因串联子,彼此邻近整合在受体基因组内一个较大的染色体区域,不同转基因串联子之间由水稻基因组DNA间隔,形成转基因簇。bar基因表达盒形成转基因串联子时,存在头接头、头接尾、尾接尾3种连接方式,通常伴随着bar基因片段的截短。     

水稻花粉总蛋白质双向凝胶电泳方法建立及应用

采用石英砂加液氮研磨方法破碎花粉,然后用两种不同的方法提取水稻花粉总蛋白质,之后采用固相pH梯度等电聚焦/SDS PAGE 双向凝胶电泳对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻单核期花粉总蛋白质进行了分离。通过银染显色, PDQuest 2DE软件可识别约1 000~1 500个蛋白质点。其中TCA 丙酮提取法更适合提取花粉总蛋白质进行双向凝胶电泳分离,并可获得分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱。对红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻的不育系单核期和二核期花粉总蛋白进行了双向电泳分离,通过比较两个时期花粉蛋白质电泳图谱后发现,二核期的花粉蛋白质较单核期花粉蛋白质数目减少,并且部分蛋白质表达量下降。     

Modelling daily root interactions for water in a tropical shrub and grass alley cropping system

A two-dimensional physically-based model for the daily simulation of root competition for water in an alley cropping system associating Gliricidia sepium with Digitaria decumbens is developed. This paper deals with the impact of root distribution on soil water partitioning. By adapting existing principles of root water uptake modelling for pure crops, the model accounts simultaneously for the sink terms of each species in a defined soil domain. Soil-root water transport functions are solved at the level of discrete volumes of soil; each of them are characterized by the inherent soil physical properties, root length density, soil-root distances, and the calculated sink terms of each species. The above ground boundary conditions, such as transpiration and soil evaporation, were managed by simple equations found from the literature or provided by experimental measurements. Running the model with two contrasting observed root maps, an evaluation was carried out over a 10-day period following a rainfall event. With both root maps, the simulated soil water potential profiles at the row, at 0.75 m and 1.50 m from the row did not differ significantly, and were in good agreement with the measurements. However, although water was not limiting during this period, the simulated cumulative water absorption profiles of G. sepium and D. decumbens contrasted markedly, and matched their observed root distribution. This model, although still under further development, forms the basis for development of an above and below ground coupled model to simulate plant interactions for water in intercrops or agroforestry.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

玉米叶片铜铅胁迫高光谱识别研究

为了区分玉米叶片重金属胁迫种类，提出一种基于高光谱的铜铅胁迫识别方法。分别以叶片0.1~2.0阶分数阶导数(FOD)光谱中红边位置与任意两波长处的光谱值构建玉米叶片的红边铜铅敏感指数(RECLSI)集群，计算各集群中指数与胁迫类型的相关系数，以相关系数最大值、最小值对应的RECLSI构建铜铅识别特征(CLIF)，在CLIF的二维分布出现与胁迫类型相关的聚类时建立胁迫识别界限(SIB)，从而实现铜铅胁迫识别。研究表明：各RECLSI集群中指数与胁迫类型相关系数的最大值、最小值随FOD光谱阶次的增加分别呈先升后降、先降后升的趋势，其中相关系数最大值、最小值的极点分别出现在1.3、1.4阶FOD光谱对应的RECLSI集群中；0.7~1.5阶FOD光谱的CLIF二维分布呈现出与胁迫类型相关的聚类，根据CLIF-SIB能够不同程度地实现铜铅胁迫识别；1.2阶FOD光谱的CLIF-SIB识别效果最好，试验集精度为100%，验证集精度为81.25%。基于FOD光谱的CLIF-SIB玉米叶片铜铅胁迫识别方法在部分阶次能够获得良好且稳定的识别结果，具有可行性和有效性。     

Genotypes and allele frequencies of buried SNPs in a bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphism array in Japanese Black cattle

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding; thus, data derived from SNP arrays have accumulated on a large scale nationwide. Commercial SNP arrays contain a considerable number of unassigned SNPs on the chromosome/position on the genome; these SNPs are excluded in subsequent analyses. Notably, the position‐unassigned SNPs, or “buried SNPs” include some of the markers associated with genetic disease. In this study, we identified the position of buried SNPs using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool against the surrounding sequences and characterized the relationship between SNPs and genetic diseases in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals based on the genomic position. We determined the position of 285 buried SNPs on the genome and surveyed the genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs in 5,955 individual Japanese Black cattle. Eleven SNPs associated with genetic disease, which contained five buried SNPs, were found in the population with the risk allele frequency ranging from 0.00008396 to 0.46. These results indicate that buried SNPs in the bovine SNP array can be utilized to identify associations with genetic disorders from large scale accumulated SNP genotype data in Japanese Black cattle.